“…Therefore, OFs can provide more flexibility in these issues (Bustince et al, 2021). Currently, OFs has been successfully applied in fuzzy rough set models (Jiang and Hu, 2023;Zhang et al, 2023c;Qi et al, 2023b), decisionmaking (Qi et al, 2023a;Jia and Qiao, 2020), fuzzy reasoning (Zhang et al, 2022), fuzzy mathematical morphology (Zhang et al, 2023a), and clustering (Jia et al, 2023). Meanwhile, OF and its dual aggregation function, i.e., grouping functions (GFs) have been used to construct FIs, such as (G, N )-implications (Dimuro et al, 2014), residual implications (Dimuro and Bedregal, 2015), QL-implications (Dimuro et al, 2017) and D-implications (Dimuro et al, 2019a,b).…”