Extensional rheological data from ex-situ measurements for predicting porous media behaviour of the viscoelastic EOR polymers

Azad, Madhar Sahib; Trivedi, Japan

doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.07.066

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Figures 21 and 22 show filament diameter as a function of time and extensional viscosity as a function of Hencky strain for all the right solutions. The relaxation time was determined using upper convected Maxwell model by performing the linear fit to the filament diameter versus time data on a semi‐log plot for all the solutions 48 . Solving the slope factors, the average values of relaxation time were calculated as shown in Table 4 by considering the surface tension of water as 72 mN/m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relaxation time was determined using upper convected Maxwell model by performing the linear fit to the filament diameter versus time data on a semi-log plot for all the solutions. 48 Solving the slope factors, the average values of relaxation time were calculated as shown in Table 4 by considering the surface tension of water as 72 mN/m. The elongational behavior affected by the flexibility of chains can be linked with extended polymer coiling.…”

Section: Ftir Measurements To Understand Molecular Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of co‐ and post‐hydrolyzed polyacrylamide molecular weight and radius distribution under saline environment

Patel

Dalsania

Azad

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The structural changes in the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM) under different saline conditions show significant effects on the rheological properties. At the higher shear rates, these conformational changes cannot be discerned in the shear rheological field but the extensional rheology can probe the polymer's microstructure can provide a better description. In this paper, two types of polymers: co-hydrolyzed PAM and post-hydrolyzed PAM were tested under different saline conditions. The polymer conformation results were interpreted to ascertain the underlying mechanisms of polymer and cation interactions and their effect on the extensional properties. The results showed that the interactions of polymer chains with divalent cations lead to the formation of the cross-linked chelating structures corresponded to the narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) with a lower radius of Gyration (R g). However, the uniform carboxylate ion density across the co-hydrolyzed PAM restricted shrinkage of the polymer chains after interactions with cations showed the high strain hardening due to polymer chain entanglement at high Hencky strain. Whereas, monovalent cation interactions with the carboxylate groups resulted in the monodentate structures that sustained the broader MWD that explains the observed higher strain hardening and extensional relaxation time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ftir Measurements To Understand Molecular Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of co‐ and post‐hydrolyzed polyacrylamide molecular weight and radius distribution under saline environment

Patel

Dalsania

Azad

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…The advantages of using a CaBER for characterizing the extensional rheological properties of lowviscosity fluids have been reported in our previous publications. [10][11][12][13][14][15]47 The objective of this study was to (1) understand whether there is a favorable extensional interaction between the anionic surfactant and HPAM and (2) determine how the interaction will be affected by the polymer's hydrophobicity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of applications, the role of polymer’s extensional behavior is vital in porous medium studies, drag reduction, spray; inkjet printing, fiber spinning, blood rheology, and so forth. In our recent publications, the role of a polymer’s extensional rheology in EOR applications has been emphasized. − Therefore, an extensional rheological study on the surfactant–associative polymer system is vital for gaining more engineering insights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Behavior of Anionic Surfactants and Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide under an Extensional Field: Effect of Hydrophobicity

Azad

Trivedi

2021

Langmuir

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Surfactant–polymer interaction has been studied by many academic and industrial researchers. Associative polymers have attracted attention, especially in enhanced oil recovery due to their ability to generate higher resistance than parental polyacrylamide (HPAM) at a lower concentration. The effect of hydrophobicity on the associative polymer–surfactant interaction has been studied through many means including rheology. Previous rheological studies were restricted to shear-based behavior, and no efforts were undertaken to study the effect of hydrophobicity on the extensional rheological behavior of the surfactant–HPAM system. In this work, the extensional behavior of anionic surfactant–polyacrylamide systems was studied for varying levels of hydrophobicity. The concentration of the surfactant used in the surfactant–polymer formulation ranged from 0 to 0.3%, and the polymer concentration was fixed at 1000 ppm. Extensional rheology was performed using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer. Surface tension studies were also conducted. The results revealed that the parental HPAM–surfactant system shows the maximum extensional viscosity for the concentration range studied here. This is contrary to shear behavior reported in the literature, and it appears that electrostatic repulsive interaction associated with HPAM–surfactant systems becomes dominant in the extensional field. Associative polymer–surfactant systems characterized by higher hydrophobicity showed the least maximum extensional viscosity, as opposed to the literature-reported behavior in the shear field. Hydrophobic interaction associated with associative polymer–surfactant systems appears to become weaker in the extensional field.

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“…Several shear rheological experiments of HPAM-based systems were done at higher temperatures. ,, Although the extensional rheological aspects of HPAM − ,,, and other polymers − were investigated at room temperature, no literature is available about the extensional rheology of the SP system. Therefore, the focus of this work is to investigate the extensional rheological aspect of a commonly used SP system, that is, SDBS–HPAM, at room temperature to gain a fundamental understanding in the shear-free field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensional Rheological Measurements of Surfactant–Polymer Mixtures

et al. 2020

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Polymer solutions flowing in the porous media during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are subjected to both shear and extensional rheological deformation. However, the previous rheological studies conducted on a surfactant−polymer (SP) system or polymer systems were only shear-based. In this paper, the extensional rheological performance of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in the presence of an anionic surfactant at various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) is studied with deionized water and 1% NaCl. Further, the extensional rheological behavior of HPAM in the presence of NaCl and CaCl 2 is studied at varying ionic strengths (1−10%). A capillary break-up extensional rheometer is used for performing extensional rheological characterization. Results revealed that the extensional resistance of HPAM is enhanced in the presence of a surfactant. Particularly, around the critical micelle concentration value of the surfactant (0.1%), HPAM showed higher extensional resistance. Higher extensional resistance for the SP system is observed with deionized water when compared to 1% NaCl. HPAM showed improved performance at 1% NaCl salinity when compared to the higher concentration of NaCl salinity. However, the presence of even 1% of calcium ions is detrimental to the extensional properties of HPAM.

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Extensional rheological data from ex-situ measurements for predicting porous media behaviour of the viscoelastic EOR polymers

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of co‐ and post‐hydrolyzed polyacrylamide molecular weight and radius distribution under saline environment

Characterization of co‐ and post‐hydrolyzed polyacrylamide molecular weight and radius distribution under saline environment

Synergistic Behavior of Anionic Surfactants and Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide under an Extensional Field: Effect of Hydrophobicity

Extensional Rheological Measurements of Surfactant–Polymer Mixtures

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