Extensive cervical-mediastinal cystic lymphatic malformation treated with sclerotherapy in a child with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

A Step-by-Step Practical Approach to Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Radiologic Therapy in Vascular Malformations

“…107,121 Bleomycin was first used in 1977 and has since been modified and used extensively by inciting a nonspecific inflammatory reaction resulting in cyst closure. 79,83,85,87,105,[122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129] As described earlier, to avoid the theoretical risk of pulmonary fibrosis, traditionally bleomycin hydrochloride was mixed 1 to 2 mg/mL normal saline and introduced into the lesion with no more than 1 mg/kg per session, more than 2 weeks between sessions, and no greater than 5 to 6 mg/kg lifetime dose. 83,85,86 Doxycycline is increasingly being found as effective agent in the treatment of LMs and has been used as a specific treatment for microcystic components.…”

Sclerotherapy with bleomycin versus surgical excision for extracervical cystic lymphatic malformations in children

“…ST has been reported to be effective in the treatment of orbital LMs [7]. However, apart from sporadic case reports [8][9][10][11][12], we were unable to find any comprehensive information about the use of ST in the treatment of extracervical cystic LM in pediatric surgery. We conducted this study to establish the efficacy of ST in the treatment of extracervical LMs in children.…”

Hemihyperplasia-multiple lipomatosis syndrome: an underdiagnosed entity in children with asymmetric overgrowth

“…Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare, sporadic, complex malformation with mainly 2 components: congenital vascular malformation of the capillary, venous, and lymphatic types; varicosities of unusual distribution; and disturbed growth as limb enlargement [16][17][18]. The present patients did not satisfy Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome diagnostic criteria.…”