Extensive literature search on grayanotoxins and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural

Bredsdorff, Lea; Olesen, Pelle Thonning; Sharma, Anoop; Hansen, Max; Jørgensen, Kevin; Ekstrøm, Jeannette; Ravn‐Haren, Gitte; Skjolding, Lars Michael; Baun, Anders; Beltoft, Vibe Meister

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.en-1920

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In preparation of the present mandate, a call for a procurement for a literature search and review was launched with the aim to identify, collect and evaluate literature related to the effects on HMF in bee feed. A final project report was delivered in July 2020, and was published on 7 August 2020 (NFI‐DTU, 2020 ). Briefly, in the outsourced work four search strings related to (1) chemical identification, characterisation and formation, (2) occurrence in bee feed and honey, (3) toxicokinetics and (4) toxicity were designed to identify and collect potentially relevant studies in several databases.…”

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, in the outsourced work four search strings related to (1) chemical identification, characterisation and formation, (2) occurrence in bee feed and honey, (3) toxicokinetics and (4) toxicity were designed to identify and collect potentially relevant studies in several databases. Results from the search was then evaluated regarding the potential relevance for the present opinion applying inclusion/exclusion criteria for the studies (for details see NFI‐DTU, 2020 ). No time limit was applied for this search.…”

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

Bodin¹,

Mazo²,

Grasl‐Kraupp³

et al. 2022

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Commission has asked the EFSA to evaluate the risk for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey bee feed. HMF is a degradation product of particular sugars and can be present in bee feed. HMF is of low acute toxicity in bees but causes increased mortality upon chronic exposure. A benchmark dose lower limit 10% (BMDL 10 ) of 1.16 μg HMF per bee per day has been calculated from mortalities observed in a 20-day study and established as a Reference Point covering also mortality in larvae, drones and queens for which no or insufficient toxicity data were available. Winter bees have a much longer lifespan than summer bees and HMF shows clear time reinforced toxicity (TRT) characteristics. Therefore, additional Reference Point intervals of 0.21-3.1, 0.091-1.1 and 0.019-0.35 µg HMF/bee per day were calculated based on extrapolation to exposure durations of 50, 90 and 180 days, respectively. A total of 219 analytical data of HMF concentrations in bee feed from EU Member States and 88 from Industry were available. Exposure estimates of worker bees and larvae ranged between 0.1 and 0.48, and between 0.1 and 0.51 μg HMF/per day, respectively. They were well below the BMDL 10 of 1.16 μg HMF/bee per day, and thus, no concern was identified. However, when accounting for TRT, the probability that exposures were below established reference point intervals was assessed to be extremely unlikely to almost certain depending on exposure duration. A concern for bee health was identified when bees are exposed to HMF contaminated bee feed for several months.

show abstract

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

Bodin¹,

Mazo²,

Grasl‐Kraupp³

et al. 2022

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Literature searches were designed and performed to retrieve all potentially relevant studies within the following four areas: Area 1: Data on toxicokinetics in experimental animals and humans and from in vitro studies, Area 2: Data on toxicity in experimental animals, Area 3: Data on in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity and mode of action, and Area 4: Data on observations in humans (including epidemiological studies, case reports, biomarkers of exposure). Details of the methodology and the results are reported in Bredsdorff et al (2023).…”

Section: Hazard Identification and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

Schrenk,

Bignami,

Bodin

et al. 2024

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE‐28, ‐47, ‐49, ‐99, ‐100, ‐138, ‐153, ‐154, ‐183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE‐47, ‐99, ‐153, ‐209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint‐specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.

show abstract

Risks for human health related to the presence of grayanotoxins in certain honey

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2023

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for human health of the presence of grayanotoxins (GTXs) in ‘certain honey’ from Ericaceae plants. The risk assessment included all structurally related grayananes occurring with GTXs in ‘certain’ honey. Oral exposure is associated with acute intoxication in humans. Acute symptoms affect the muscles, nervous and cardiovascular systems. These may lead to complete atrioventricular block, convulsions, mental confusion, agitation, syncope and respiratory depression. For acute effects, the CONTAM Panel derived a reference point (RP) of 15.3 μg/kg body weight for the sum of GTX I and III based on a BMDL 10 for reduced heart rate in rats. A similar relative potency was considered for GTX I. Without chronic toxicity studies, an RP for long‐term effects could not be derived. There is evidence for genotoxicity in mice exposed to GTX III or honey containing GTX I and III, showing increased levels of chromosomal damage. The mechanism of genotoxicity is unknown. Without representative occurrence data for the sum of GTX I and III and consumption data from Ericaceae honey, acute dietary exposure was estimated based on selected concentrations for GTX I and III reflecting concentrations measured in ‘certain’ honeys. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs raised health concerns for acute toxicity. The Panel calculated the highest concentrations for GTX I and III below which no acute effects would be expected following ‘certain honey’ consumption. The Panel is 75% or more certain that the calculated highest concentration of 0.05 mg for the sum of GTX I and III per kg honey is protective for all age groups regarding acute intoxications. This value does not consider other grayananes in ‘certain honey’ and does not cover the identified genotoxicity.

show abstract

Extensive literature search on grayanotoxins and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food

Risks for human health related to the presence of grayanotoxins in certain honey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About