Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of <i>Typhonium sensu stricto</i> (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Species in the Amorphophallus genus are important cash crops in many tropical and subtropical Asian countries. Although several molecular markers have been employed to determine relationships and assess genetic variation in the Amorphophallus genus, some conflicts remain in infrageneric classification and evolution. To aid in the phylogenetic research of the Amorphophallus genus, we collected one sample of Amorphophallus tonkinensis Engler and Gehrmann 1911 from southwestern China. We assembled the first chloroplast genome of this species using high-throughput sequencing. The assembled genome was 169,341 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure (GenBank accession number: PP234804). The lengths of the large single-copy region, small single-copy region, and two inverted repeats were 90,705 bp, 15,640 bp, 31,498 bp, and 31,498 bp, respectively. We annotated 129 genes across the chloroplast genome of A. tonkinensis . The phylogenetic trees suggested that the Amorphophallus species distributed in continental Asia split into two main clades. The chloroplast genome reported in our study provided valuable genomic resources for the future phylogenetic research of the Amorphophallus genus.

“… 2020a ); Typhonium blumei , MT872311 (Low et al. 2021 ); Spirodela polyrhiza , MN419335 (reference not available).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete chloroplast genome assembly of Amorphophallus tonkinensis Engler and Gehrmann 1911 from southwestern China

Yin,

Chen,

et al. 2024

“… 2020 ); Typhonium blumei , MT872311 (Low et al. 2021 ); Pistia stratiotes , NC_048522 (Quan and Chen 2020 ); Spirodela polyrhiza , MN419335 (reference not available).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complete chloroplast genome assembly of Amorphophallus kiusianus makino 1913 (araceae) from Southern China

Gao,

Yin

2024

The mountainous region of southern China has been characterized by its complicated environment and topography. Amorphophallus kiusianus Makino 1913 is a representative species of extreme habitat preference that resides mainly in this region. To help study the genetic differentiation mechanisms of A. kiusianus populations, we sequenced the first chloroplast genome of this species using next-generation sequencing. The chloroplast genome was 166,269 bp in length with an average GC content of 36% (GenBank accession number: PP072243). The lengths of the large single-copy region (LSC), small single-copy region (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs) were 90,701 bp, 14,802 bp, 31,383 bp, and 31,383 bp, respectively. One hundred and twenty-nine genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome, including 84 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree suggested a close relationship among A. kiusianus , A. yunnanensis , and A. coaetaneus . The chloroplast genome reported in this study provides valuable genomic resources for the future phylogeographic research of A. kiusianus .

“… 2020 ); Typhonium blumei , MT872311 (Low et al. 2021 ); Pinellia pedatisecta , MN046890 (Henriquez et al. 2020 ); Spirodela polyrhiza , MN419335 (reference not available).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly and analysis of the chloroplast genome of Amorphophallus kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann (Araceae) from Southwestern China: implications for conservation and utilization

Gao,

Yin

2024

Konjac glucomannan consists of D-mannose and D-glucose units and is a hydrocolloid obtained from the corm of Amorphophallus species. Due to its bioactive properties, biodegradability, and hydrophilic ability, glucomannan is widely used in the fields of food, medicine, and industry. Amorphophallus species have been cultivated as cash crops in many Asian countries. Amorphophallus kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann 1911 is naturally distributed in southwestern China, Laos, and northern Thailand. To help the genetic assessment and conservation of this species, the first chloroplast genome of A. kachinensis was sequenced on the Illumina sequencing platform. We assembled the chloroplast genome using the software GetOrganelle and annotated the genome by Geseq and Cpgavas 2. The assembled chloroplast genome was 173,330 bp long, and the average GC content was 35% (GenBank accession number: PP072244). The chloroplast genome of A. kachinensis contained one large single copy, one small single copy, and two inverted repeats, with lengths of 92,030 bp, 15,118 bp, 33,091 bp, and 33,091 bp, respectively. We successfully annotated 132 genes across the genome, which was consistent with other Amorphophallus species. The phylogenetic tree indicates a sub-divergence in the Amorphophallus genus with two main genetic groups detected among eight species. The two genetic groups should be treated as distinct evolutionarily significant units when making conservation strategies. Our study enriched the chloroplast genome resources of the Amorphophallus genus and could help future phylogeographic studies, protection, and utilization of wild resources.