Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses.

Berthet, François‐Xavier; Zeller, H.; Drouet, Marie-Thérèse; Rauzier, Jean; Digoutte, J. P.; Denis, Vincent

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2293

Cited by 191 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Interestingly, human disease is rarely recognised from lineage II WN viruses. The maximum nucleotide divergence between members of the two lineages was shown to range from 29% (BERTHET et al 1997) and 31 % (SCHER RET et al 2001) for sequences within the E gene, to 36.5% for sequences in the NS5-3' un translated region (SCHERRET et al 2001), which would suggest that the lineages may represent two distinct viruses. We therefore propose that they should be re-named West Nile subtype I and West Nile subtype 2, rather like the dengue viruses, or alternatively, that the name West Nile be retained for the viruses in lineage II, as this lineage contains the prototype strain, and that viruses in lineage I be renamed.…”

Section: Comments On the Classification Of The Je Serological Group Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Japanese Encephalitis Serological Group of Flaviviruses: a Brief Introduction to the Group

Mackenzie

Barrett

Denis³

2002

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Section: Comments On the Classification Of The Je Serological Group Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Japanese Encephalitis Serological Group of Flaviviruses: a Brief Introduction to the Group

Mackenzie

Barrett

Denis³

2002

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Glycosylation of the E protein is not required for virion formation or infectivity because naturally non-glycosylated isolates of St. Louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and WNV have been identified. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the presence or absence of a glycan on the E protein can affect the viral phenotype. E protein glycosylation increases in vitro infectivity of DENV and WNV, although particle release is significantly inhibited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of Glycosylation of West Nile Virus Envelope Protein for Infection of, but Not Spread within, Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquito Vectors

Moudy¹,

Payne²,

Dodson³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Most of sequenced West Nile virus (WNV) genomes encode a single N-linked glycosylation site on their envelope (E) proteins. We previously found that WNV lacking the E protein glycan was severely inhibited in its ability to replicate and spread within two important mosquito vector species, Culex pipiens and Cx. tarsalis. However, recent work with a closely related species, Cx. pipiens pallens, found no association between E protein glycosylation and either replication or dissemination. To examine this finding further, we expanded upon our previous studies to include an additional Culex species, Cx. quinquefasciatus. The non-glycosylated WNV-N154I virus replicated less efficiently in mosquito tissues after intrathoracic inoculation, but there was little difference in replication efficiency in the midgut after peroral infection. Interestingly, although infectivity was inhibited when WNV lacked the E protein glycan, there was little difference in viral spread throughout the mosquito. These data indicate that E protein glycosylation affects WNV–vector interactions in a species-specific manner.

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“…Studies of the phylogenetic relatedness on nucleic acid sequence data corresponding to a 255-bp region of the E glycoprotein gene of WNV strains isolated in different geographic regions, demonstrated that WNV isolates fall into two major genetic lineages diverging by 25 to 30% nucleotide differences [12, 13] and several subclades or clusters [7, 12, 14-16]. Lineage 1 is composed of WNV strains with a broad geographical distribution ranging from West Africa to the Middle East, Eastern Europe, North America, and Australia.…”

Section: The Virus and Its Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lineage 2 contains the B 956 prototype strain and other strains isolated exclusively in the sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar [7, 12, 15]. …”

Section: The Virus and Its Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus: Characteristics of an African Virus Adapting to the Third Millennium World

Monini¹

2010

TOVJ

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The emergence and spread of West Nile Virus (WNV) from North through South America during the last decade, and the recent outbreaks of disease in both humans and horses in Europe suggest that the epidemiology of this infection is evolving. WNV is now considered among the emerging threats for both human and veterinary public health in areas like Europe where it was previously regarded to as an exotic agent. Further knowledge has built up from studies investigating the characteristics of the virus and its genome evolution capacity, the adaptation to new avian host species, the changes in vector competence and biology, and the host-pathogen interactions, including the immune response. Also, the new needs for preparedness to future major outbursts of disease have stimulated research on virus detection and characterization, filling the gaps in both specialized diagnostic technology and the need for field rapid assays. This review will present an overview of WNV virology, remarking the impact of virus diversity and evolution on theoretical and practical aspects involved in both risk definition, detection and control of infection.

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Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses.

Cited by 191 publications

References 19 publications

The Japanese Encephalitis Serological Group of Flaviviruses: a Brief Introduction to the Group

The Japanese Encephalitis Serological Group of Flaviviruses: a Brief Introduction to the Group

Requirement of Glycosylation of West Nile Virus Envelope Protein for Infection of, but Not Spread within, Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquito Vectors

West Nile Virus: Characteristics of an African Virus Adapting to the Third Millennium World

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