Extensive profiling of histidine‐containing dipeptides reveals species‐ and tissue‐specific distribution and metabolism in mice, rats, and humans

Van der Stede, Thibaux; Spaas, Jan; de Jager, Sarah; De Brandt, Jana; Hansen, Camilla; Stautemas, Jan; Vercammen, Bjarne; De Baere, Siegrid; Croubels, Siska; Van Assche, Charles‐Henri; Pastor, Berta Cillero; Vandenbosch, Michiel; Van Thienen, Ruud; Verboven, Kenneth; Hansen, Dominique; Bové, Thierry; Lapauw, Bruno; Van Praet, Charles; Decaestecker, Karel; Vanaudenaerde, Bart; Eijnde, Bert O.; Gliemann, Lasse; Hellsten, Ylva; Derave, Wim

doi:10.1111/apha.14020

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Muscle composition and metabolism shifts with species, age, sex, and physical condition. 8,16 A large degree of sexand muscle-related heterogeneity could be detected by implementing the before mentioned deep learning-based image segmentation methods, for fresh and postmortem human skeletal muscle. 10 Therefore, it makes sense that beneficial associations between physical activity and whole-body insulin resistance differ between sexes.…”

Section: Sexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease

Groeneveld

2024

Acta Physiologica

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Over the past years, researchers increased awareness of the connection of muscle tissue to the rest of the human body and of the possibilities to tweak the muscles' metabolism in order to gain positive effects on whole body metabolism, energy balance, and immune system. Physiotherapists and doctors aim to find practical exercise guidelines for patients to follow for ideal treatment. To do so, much research is happening to understand the complexity of muscle–body balance. This article reviews the most recent research in this topic that was published by ActaPhysiologica.

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Section: Sexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease

Groeneveld

2024

Acta Physiologica

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“…The homocarnosine concentration is threefold to sixfold higher in adults than in infants 121 . Recently, areas of the human central nervous system, particularly the olfactory bulb, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, thalamus, cerebellum, white matter, and frontal cortex, had a considerable amount of homocarnosine while the human CSF abundantly contains homocarnosine 122 . Although its concentration in the brain is high, the function of homocarnosine in the brain remains underexplored, which has led to a limited understanding of its high maintained concentrations in the brain.…”

Section: Brain-specific Gaba-containing Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

Braga,

Thongngam,

Kumrungsee

2024

npj Sci Food

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Imbalances of this neurotransmitter are associated with neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Since GABA has long been believed to not cross the blood–brain barrier, the effects of circulating GABA on the brain are neglected. However, emerging evidence has demonstrated that changes in both circulating and brain levels of GABA are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and that changes in GABA levels and microbiota composition play a role in modulating mental health. This recent research has raised the possibility that GABA may be a potent mediator of the gut–brain axis. This review article will cover up-to-date information about GABA-producing microorganisms isolated from human gut and food sources, explanation why those microorganisms produce GABA, food factors inducing gut–GABA production, evidence suggesting GABA as a mediator linking between gut microbiota and mental health, including anxiety, depression, stress, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and novel information regarding homocarnosine-a predominant brain peptide that is a putative downstream mediator of GABA in regulating brain functions. This review will help us to understand how the gut microbiota and GABA-homocarnosine metabolism play a significant role in brain functions. Nonetheless, it could support further research on the use of GABA production-inducing microorganisms and food factors as agents to treat neurological and psychological disorders.

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“…Related analogs of carnosine include methylated variants (anserine: β-alanine-N1-methyl-histidine; balenine: β-alanine-N3-methyl-histidine), acetylated variants (N-acetylcarnosine), and those with histidine substitutions (homocarnosine, carcinine) [ 2 ]. While some of these variants may have species- or tissue-specific expression patterns [ 2 , 6 ], it is believed, as with carnosine, that they have protective roles in highly metabolic tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of different modalities for measuring in vivo carnosine levels

Amraotkar,

Hoetker,

Negahdar

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (β-alanine -L- histidine) involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis. It is most abundant in skeletal muscle where its concentration has been determined in biopsy samples using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Carnosine levels can also be assessed in intact leg muscles by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) or in blood and urine samples using mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain how carnosine levels from these distinct compartments are correlated with each other when measured in the same individual. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement modality might be most suitable for large-scale clinical studies. Hence, in 31 healthy volunteers, we assessed carnosine levels in skeletal muscle, via 1H-MRS, and in erythrocytes and urine by MS-MS. While muscle carnosine levels were higher in males (C2 peak, p = 0.010; C4 peak, p = 0.018), there was no sex-associated difference in urinary (p = 0.433) or erythrocyte (p = 0.858) levels. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, and diet, there was a positive association between erythrocyte and urinary carnosine. However, no association was observed between 1H-MRS and erythrocytes or urinary measures. In the relationship between muscle versus urinary and erythrocyte measures, females had a positive association, while males did not show any association. We also found that 1H-MRS measures were highly sensitive to location of measurement. Thus, it is uncertain whether 1H-MRS can accurately and reliably predict endogenous carnosine levels. In contrast, urinary and erythrocyte carnosine measures may be stable and in greater synchrony, and given financial and logistical concerns, may be a feasible alternative for large-scale clinical studies.

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Extensive profiling of histidine‐containing dipeptides reveals species‐ and tissue‐specific distribution and metabolism in mice, rats, and humans

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease

Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

Comparative evaluation of different modalities for measuring in vivo carnosine levels

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