Extensively drug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae – emergence, epidemiology, risk factors, and regimen

Su, Pei-Yi; Huang, Ay-Huey; Lai, Chung-Hsu; Lin, Hsiu-Fang; Lin, Tzu-Chao; Ho, Cheng-Hsun

doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01785-9

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, single penicillin-type drugs, such as ampicillin and amoxicillin, are not recommended in clinical treatment, but βlactamase inhibitors are recommended for antibacterial treatment. The resistance rate of cefotaxime was very low, which was consistent with previous studies in Taiwan and Germany (3,22). The resistance rates to cefuroxime, cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were all more than 60.0%, and the sensitive rates of H. influenzae to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and rifampicin were more than 90.0%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The main route of transmission of H. influenzae is respiratory droplets, and a special route of transmission in children is through inhalation of maternal amniotic fluid or exposure to genital tract secretions during spontaneous delivery (2). Due to the strong pathogenicity of H. influenzae, if children are not actively treated after infection, it may lead to serious consequences, such as bacteremia and meningitis (3). With the overuse of antibiotics and the de-velopment of various drug resistance mechanisms, the resistance rates of H. influenzae to ampicillin and first-line cephalosporins are rising (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chengdu, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen of the human respiratory tract. Haemophilus influenzae can cause not only respiratory tract infection in children but also otitis media, epiglottitis and sinusitis. With the widespread use of antibiotics, the positive rate of β-lactamase in H. influenzae is increasing, and the rate of antimicrobial resistance is also increasing, which increases the difficulty of clinical treatment. Objectives: To study the infection characteristics of patients and the antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae in lower respiratory tract samples of children in Chengdu, so as to provide a reference for its clinical diagnosis and the rational use of antibiotics. Methods: Sputum samples of 15891 children aged 0-14 years with lower respiratory tract infection were collected. Haemophilus influenzae was cultured and identified, its drug susceptibility tested, and the results determined according to the guidelines of CLSI 2020. Results: A total of 15891 clinical isolate strains in sputum were detected for drug sensitivity from December 2018 to January 2020, of which 5488 were H. influenzae, accounting for 34.54% (5488/15891). The sex of children infected with H. influenzae was not skewed (P > 0.05). The detection rate of H. influenzae was the highest in children aged 7 - 11 months, and the lowest was in the age group ≤ 28 d. The detection rate was the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The positive rate of β-lactamase was 92.0%, the resistance rate to ampicillin was 92.0%, the sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanate was 70.2%, and the sensitivity to cefotaxime, ofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin was more than 90.0%. Conclusions: Children aged 7 months to 14 years were generally susceptible to H. influenzae in spring, and the positive rate of β-lactamase was high. Doctors should refer to the infection characteristics and drug resistance of H. influenzae and choose antibiotics correctly to better control the infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chengdu, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Increasing antimicrobial resistance has been reported worldwide for Hib strains [1], with multi- [5,6] and even extensively-drug resistant [7] isolates emerging, thus limiting available treatment options. Therefore, to reduce the burden of Hib disease, it is essential to improve prevention strategies, such as the use of routine infant immunization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication

Slack

Esposito

Haas

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Prior to implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-conjugate vaccination programs in the 1990s, Hib was the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in children aged <5 years. While the burden of all Hib disease has significantly decreased in the post-vaccination era, Hib still accounted for >29,000 deaths worldwide in children aged <5 years in 2015. Areas covered: We reviewed literature data on the most widely used Hib vaccines and vaccination strategies which led to the global prevention and control of Hib disease and aim to highlight important factors for continued disease control and elimination in the future. Expert commentary: More than 90% of countries worldwide have implemented Hib-conjugate vaccination in their national immunization programs. Vaccines containing Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) conjugated with tetanus toxoid (Hib-TT) are the most commonly used. Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex of PRP (Hib-OMP) is also used. Although the kinetics of the immune response varies with Hib vaccine and schedule used, high control of Hib disease was observed in all settings/scenarios. Further improving global Hib vaccination coverage may result in disease elimination.

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“…Examples of PMPs as key drug targets. The examples of pathogenic organisms in which the protein exists, the effect of the corresponding disease on human health, the currently available drug targets, and the homologues among different domains are described for type-II NADH dehydrogenase [24][25][26][27][28][29], periplasmic nitrate reductase [30][31][32][33], CymA, alkaline phosphatase [34,35], ecto-5 -nucleotidase [36,37], acetylcholine esterase [38,39], alternative oxidase [40,41]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not reported targeting Nap. Cefotaxime 80% effective against extensive drug resistant (XDR) strains [31].…”

Section: Haemophilus Influenzaementioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Membrane Proteins: Promising Therapeutic Targets across Domains of Life

2021

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Membrane proteins can be classified into two main categories—integral and peripheral membrane proteins—depending on the nature of their membrane interaction. Peripheral membrane proteins are highly unique amphipathic proteins that interact with the membrane indirectly, using electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions, or directly, using hydrophobic tails or GPI-anchors. The nature of this interaction not only influences the location of the protein in the cell, but also the function. In addition to their unique relationship with the cell membrane, peripheral membrane proteins often play a key role in the development of human diseases such as African sleeping sickness, cancer, and atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the membrane interaction and role of periplasmic nitrate reductase, CymA, cytochrome c, alkaline phosphatase, ecto-5’-nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, alternative oxidase, type-II NADH dehydrogenase, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in certain diseases. The study of these proteins will give new insights into their function and structure, and may ultimately lead to ground-breaking advances in the treatment of severe diseases.

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Extensively drug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae – emergence, epidemiology, risk factors, and regimen

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chengdu, China

Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chengdu, China

Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication

Peripheral Membrane Proteins: Promising Therapeutic Targets across Domains of Life

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