Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis: A Review

Jahid, Ahmed; Akm, Musa; Hossain, Delwar; Ma, Rong; Akm, Shaheen; Kn, Uddin

doi:10.3329/birdem.v1i1.12386

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“… [16] Multi-drug resistant pathogenic outbreaks are one of the most important global health issues we face today (e.g. extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, [17] multi-drug resistant cholera [18] and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [19] ) yet have also led to a decrease in investment by pharmaceutical companies into antimicrobial drug development efforts to avoid economic losses when drug-resistant strains develop. [20] , [21] As NP research continues, this class of chemicals may provide unique possibilities to address this complex issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Dependent Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Palladium Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Investigating the interactions between nanoscale materials and microorganisms is crucial to provide a comprehensive, proactive understanding of nanomaterial toxicity and explore the potential for novel applications. It is well known that nanomaterial behavior is governed by the size and composition of the particles, though the effects of small differences in size toward biological cells have not been well investigated. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) have gained significant interest as catalysts for important carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom reactions and are increasingly used in the chemical industry, however, few other applications of Pd NPs have been investigated. In the present study, we examined the antimicrobial capacity of Pd NPs, which provides both an indication of their usefulness as target antimicrobial compounds, as well as their potency as potential environmental pollutants. We synthesized Pd NPs of three different well-constrained sizes, 2.0±0.1 nm, 2.5±0.2 nm and 3.1±0.2 nm. We examined the inhibitory effects of the Pd NPs and Pd2+ ions toward gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial cultures throughout a 24 hour period. Inhibitory growth effects of six concentrations of Pd NPs and Pd2+ ions (2.5×10−4, 10−5, 10−6, 10−7, 10−8, and 10−9 M) were examined. Our results indicate that Pd NPs are generally much more inhibitory toward S. aureus than toward E. coli, though all sizes are toxic at ≥10−5 M to both organisms. We observed a significant difference in size-dependence of antimicrobial activity, which differed based on the microorganism tested. Our work shows that Pd NPs are highly antimicrobial, and that fine-scale (<1 nm) differences in size can alter antimicrobial activity.

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