“…Literature on alcohol treatment in Uganda is scarce (Kalema, Vindevogel, Baguma, Derluyn, & Vanderplasschen, 2015) but indicates that the majority of problem users fail to access professional treatment (Kullgren, Alibusa, & Birabwa-Oketcho, 2009;Ministry of Health [MoH], 2010). Although low treatment access and participation is recognized as a problem worldwide (Rehm, Shield, Rehm, Gmel, & Frick, 2012), some of the challenges may be specific to developing countries due to contextual differences like political and economic instability, the influence of the alcohol industry, and the role of religion in daily life (Al-Ansari, Thow, Day, & Conigrave, 2015;Kalema, Vanderplasschen, Vindevogel, & Derluyn, 2016).…”