Molecular imaging of glutamate carboxypeptidase II, also called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) [1], has seen an unprecedentedly rapid adoption in prostate cancer (PCA) imaging in the last few years. Wherever local laws and regulations allow and a sufficiently equipped radiochemical laboratory is available, this tracer has now completely replaced radiolabelled choline PET/CT in the imaging of recurrent PCA. Indeed, even though the first results from larger retrospective series have only been published in the last 18 months [2][3][4][5] This molecular imaging approach certainly represents a major advance over previous PET/CT tracers. It has a much better signal-to-background ratio and its very strong uptake in target lesions allows lesions as small as 2.4 mm in short-axis diameter to be detected [6]. As these probes are still very new, we as nuclear medicine physicians are still on the ascending slope of a steep learning curve. For instance, it has become clear that while the very high sensitivity of this tracer has often been confirmed [2,7], it is not as specific as we would wish: a considerable degree of tracer uptake is seen both in other malignancies [8,9] and in normal anatomical structures such as the coeliac ganglia which can easily be mistaken for malignant lesions [10].Whereas the clinical value of PSMA PET/CT in the imaging of (suspected) recurrent PCA is largely uncontested, this is not the case in the setting of primary staging. In the determination of lymph node status, the results published so far have been rather mixed -although it is remarkable that a study in which a nuclear medicine physician was not involved had rather poorer results [11] than studies in which nuclear medicine physicians were involved [7]. The intraprostatic delineation of tumour manifestations has been the focus of several recent studies [12][13][14]. In one study only the volumes on MRI and PSMA PET were compared [12]. The most accurate approach seems to be the integration of information obtained from PSMA PET/MRI imaging and from histopathology [13]. In another study an assessment of a small patient collective comparing multisegmental analysis of the prostate on P E T / C T w i t h t h e s a m e s e g m e n t a l a n a l y s i s o n postprostatectomy histology showed a very high positive and negative predictive value for the presence of PCA for each segment [14]. The initial results also showed that the intensity of PSMA uptake on PET correlates positively with the Gleason score [15].For the assessment of the local tumour status, multiparameter MRI is already a well-established, highly accurate imaging modality. The study presented by Giesel et al. [16] in this issue of the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging compared local staging using this wellestablished standard imaging modality and [68 Ga]PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT in ten patients who underwent imaging with both modalities prior to curative radiation therapy. Using a multisegment model in which each segment was analysed for PCA involvement b...