Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease

Degenhardt, Louisa; Hall, Wayne

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61138-0

Cited by 1,115 publications

(860 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

809

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In 2011, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated 14 to 21 million people worldwide used cocaine at least once in 2009, with 20% of users in the United States meeting the criteria of drug dependence (Degenhardt and Hall, 2012). Despite the array of negative health and societal consequences, a successful pharmacotherapy for psychostimulant addiction has remained elusive (Newman et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Martelle

Nader

Czoty

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dopamine (DA) D 3 receptor (D3R) has been associated with impulsivity, pathologic gambling, and drug addiction, making it a potential target for pharmacotherapy development. Positron emission tomography studies using the D3R-preferring radioligand [ 11 C]PHNO ([ 11 C](+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin) have shown higher binding potentials in drug abusers compared with control subjects. Preclinical studies have examined D3R receptor activation using the DA agonist quinpirole and the unconditioned behavior of yawning. However, the relationship between quinpirole-elicited yawning and D3R receptor availability has not been determined. In Experiment 1, eight drug-naive male rhesus monkeys were scanned with [ 11 C]PHNO, and the ability of quinpirole (0.01-0.3 mg/kg i.m.) to elicit yawning was examined. Significant positive (globus pallidus) and negative (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral pallidum, and hippocampus) relationships between D3R receptor availability and quinpirole-induced yawns were noted. Experiment 2 replicated earlier findings that a history of cocaine self-administration (n = 11) did not affect quinpirole-induced yawning and extended this to examine monkeys (n = 3) with a history of methamphetamine (MA) selfadministration and found that monkeys with experience selfadministering MA showed greater potency and significantly higher quinpirole-elicited yawning compared with controls. Finally, quinpirole-elicited yawning was studied in drug-naive female monkeys (n = 6) and compared with drug-naive male monkeys (n = 8). Sex differences were noted, with quinpirole being more potent and eliciting significantly more yawns in males compared with females. Taken together these findings support the use of quinpirole-elicited yawning as a behavioral tool for examining D3R activation in monkeys and that both drug history and sex may influence individual sensitivity to the behavioral effects of D3R compounds.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Martelle

Nader

Czoty

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Renal toxicity associated with drug abuse is a common concern, especially when facing a young patient with acute renal failure (ARF) of an unknown etiology. Recognition of the relationship of renal failure and toxic drug intake is difficult because of the embarrassment to admit the inappropriate, even illegal conduct involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flank Pain and Acute Renal Failure after Binge Drinking:A Growing Concern?

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe two cases of acute renal failure (ARF) after heavy alcohol intake. Remarkable features included a few days latency period after binge drinking, acute flank pain resembling pyelonephritis, lack of rhabdomyolysis or liver injury, and concomitant intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Renal function improved with conservative treatment, and despite NSAIDs use, hyperkalemia was not clinically significant. Since binge drinking is common in the Western population, early recognition of this syndrome may be helpful when examining a patient with flank pain and ARF of unclear etiology.

show abstract

“…23 Alcohol and marijuana are less harmful to health in comparison with cocaine and crack cocaine, once the latter two can cause more psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive impairment, and are also associated with sexually transmitted diseases and involvement in illegal activities. 9,24,25 The DMFT index was significantly lower in the experimental group (p = 0.0148). However, Mateos-Moreno et al 14 found DMFT indexes in users of legal and illegal drugs of 27.13, 14.88, and 22.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to assess the oral health status of users of illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine/crack and compare it with individuals not using these chemical substances.Questionnaires were applied to 35 illicit drugs users to gather information on demographic status, general health, and use of drugs. Then, a clinical assessment of the oral health condition was performed to collect data on decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, salivary flow rate (SFR), and mucosal lesions. The control group was composed of 35 non-illicit drug users. In the experimental group, 91.43% were males, 80% were smokers, and 42.85% were alcoholics. Cocaine was the most common drug used (77.15%), followed by marijuana (68.6%), and crack (51.4%). The average DMFT index was 9.8 and the SFR was reduced in 60% of subjects. Mucosal alterations were detected, but no potentially malignant disorders or oral cancer were diagnosed. Compared to control group, significantly higher values for gender (40%, p = 0.0001), smoking (22.86%) and heavy drinking (5.7%) habits (p = 0.0001), SFR (31.4%; p = 0.0308), and oral lesions (p = 0.0488) were found for the experimental group, although significantly higher values were found in the control group for DMFT index (p = 0.0148). It can be concluded that the use of illicit drugs contributed to an increased prevalence of oral mucosa lesions. In addition, a decline on SFR and a reduced DMFT index was observed for illicit drug users.

show abstract

Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease

Cited by 1,115 publications

References 92 publications

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Flank Pain and Acute Renal Failure after Binge Drinking:A Growing Concern?

Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease

Cited by 1,115 publications

References 92 publications

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D3 Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D3 Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Flank Pain and Acute Renal Failure after Binge Drinking:A Growing Concern?

Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys

Further Characterization of Quinpirole-Elicited Yawning as a Model of Dopamine D₃ Receptor Activation in Male and Female Monkeys