Extent of infection by Viscum album L. and changes in its occurrence on ornamental woody species in the locality of Lednice (Czech Republic)

Abstract

The main goal of the research conducted in the Lednice chateau park was to map the current spectrum of host trees and shrubs. The aim of the investigation was also to record changes in the host species, namely between the years 1985 and 2016, and to get an overview of the extent and degree of mistletoe infection on the most significant tree species present in the park. Furthermore, the occurrence of mistletoe across the developmental stages of woody species was monitored. Apart from taxonomic changes also the quantitative extent and the degree of infection reported in the last 31 years, and the impact on the development stages of woody plants in the past 20 years were analysed. Among the most frequently infected taxa are currently: Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. The average share of infected specimens of the above host species amounts to 34.28%. A distinctive change in frequency and infection degree was recorded in the aggregate spectrum of hosts. The presence of mistletoe was recorded in a total of 1,362 specimens (almost 12% of the trees growing in the area). Compared to 1985, the occurrence of mistletoe was newly recorded in a total of 13 families (+3), 19 genera (+5) and 42 species (+18). In Aesculus ×marylandica, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Magnolia hypoleuca ×tripetala or Malus ×moerlandsii, it was probably described for the first time ever. At the moment, the most existentially endangered taxon is Tilia cordata.Ke y wor d s: European mistletoe, host structure change, host woody species, infection intensity

Occurrence of Viscum album subsp. album L. on Laburnum anagyroides Medik. in Toruń, Poland

“…However, in his study on the occurrence of mistletoe in that park, Buliř (2017) does not confirm this earlier information. According to the aforementioned doctoral dissertation, mistletoe in the Lednice Park occurred on one of 13 specimens of Laburnum anagyroides, and on the only specimen of another species of laburnum -Laburnum alpinum (Mill.)…”

“…Recent works on the occurrence of mistletoe on Laburnum anagyroides include the paper by Buliř (2017) who described the locality from an urban park in Lednice in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic after Spálavský's doctoral dissertation (2001).…”

Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland:Viscum album

“…In Sweden, Walldén (1961) recorded that 75% of host trees were Tilia cordata , and further east in the Czech Republic and Poland, the most common host species were Acer campestre , A. platanoides , A. pseudoplatanus , A. saccharinum , Crataegus monogyna , Robinia pseudoacacia , Tilia cordata , T. platyphyllos and Populus × canadensis (Baltazár et al, 2013; Buliř, 2017; Kołodziejek et al, 2013). Further east in Iran, the commonest hosts are listed as Carpinus betulus , Parrotia persica , Populus caspica and Alnus glutinosa (Daryaei & Moghadam, 2012; Kartoolinejad et al, 2007).…”

A fehér fagyöngy (Viscum album L.) által fertőzött gazdafák vizuális értékelésének lehetőségei

“…A legegyszerűbb, a legpontosabb, valamint a leggyorsabb módszer a fagyöngy "jelenlétének" meghatározása Baltazár és mtsai 2013;2015a). A fagyöngyfertőzés erősségének meghatá-rozására különböző fokozatú (leggyakrabban négy, ritkábban öt) értékskálákat használnak, ahol a fertőzött fákat további kategóriákba osztják (Hawksworth 1977;Spálavský 2001;Žalu-dová Kahánková 2008;Bulíř 2010;Barbu 2012). Mindazonáltal sok esetben előfordulhat, hogy a fertőzés mértékéről torz képet is kaphatunk (lásd 1. ábra), ezért ajánlatos egyszerre több értékskálával dolgozni.…”