External and internal exposure of winegrowers spraying methyl parathion

Muttray, Axel; Bäcker, Gerhard; Jung, Detlev; Hill, Georg; Letzel, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.013

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many studies have indicated that sprayers with a closed cab could reduce exposure. (6,13,28) Considering that much better protection against exposure is achieved for orchard farmers when such cabs are used, we recommend that manufacturers in Korea make sprayers with a protective cab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar methodologies have been used in previous studies to estimate dermal exposure. (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) Inhalation exposure was measured using personal air monitors equipped with a 13 mm glass fiber filter (SKC, Eighty Four, PA) in an open-faced cassette followed by XAD-2 resin (ORBO 609 Amberlite XAD-2 400/200 mg, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) mounted in the breathing zone of the operator and attached to a battery operated sampling air pump (Gillian Model 224-PCXR7, MSA, Pittsburgh, PA). The pump was calibrated using a Gilian (MSA, Pittsburgh, PA) diagnostic calibrator to 1 L/min before use.…”

Section: Protective Garment Dermal Exposure Instruments and Inhalatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential Dermal Exposure to Flonicamid and Risk Assessment of Applicators During Treatment in Apple Orchards

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Exposure and risk assessments of flonicamid for applicators were performed in apple orchards in Korea. Fifteen experiments were done with two experienced applicators under typical field conditions using a speed sprayer. In this study, cotton gloves, socks, masks, and dermal patches were used to monitor potential dermal exposure to flonicamid, and personal air samplers with XAD-2 resin and glass fiber filter were used to monitor potential inhalation exposure. The analytical methods were validated for the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, reproducibility, linearity of the calibration curve, and recovery of flonicamid from various exposure matrices. The results were encouraging and acceptable for an exposure study. The applicability of XAD-2 resin was evaluated via a trapping efficiency and breakthrough test. During the mixing/loading, the average total dermal exposure was 22.6 μg of flonicamid, corresponding to 4.5×10(-5)% of the prepared amount. For the spraying, the potential dermal exposure was 9.32 mg, and the ratio to applied amount was 1.9 × 10(-2%). The primary exposed body parts were the thigh (2.90 mg), upper arm (1.75 mg), and lower leg (1.66 mg). By comparison, absorbable quantity of exposure was small, only 1.62 μg (3.2×10(-6)%). The margin of safety (MOS) were calculated for risk assessment, in all sets of trials, MOS > 1, indicating the exposure level of flonicamid was considered to be safe in apple orchards. Although this was a limited study, it provided a good estimate of flonicamid exposure for orchard applicators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protective Garment Dermal Exposure Instruments and Inhalatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dermal Exposure to Flonicamid and Risk Assessment of Applicators During Treatment in Apple Orchards

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…Nonetheless, notable fluorescence-based vaporphase pesticide detection methods have been reported. In one example, workers who were charged with spraying of the pesticide paraquat were monitored for airborne paraquat exposure using HPLC separation with fluorescence detection (Konthonbut et al, 2020), whereas in another example, wine growers were assessed for aerosolized methyl parathion exposure using similar analytical techniques (Muttray et al, 2006).…”

Section: Vapor Phase Pesticide Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence-Based Sensing of Pesticides Using Supramolecular Chemistry

Levine

2021

Front. Chem.

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The detection of pesticides in real-world environments is a high priority for a broad range of applications, including in areas of public health, environmental remediation, and agricultural sustainability. While many methods for pesticide detection currently exist, the use of supramolecular fluorescence-based methods has significant practical advantages. Herein, we will review the use of fluorescence-based pesticide detection methods, with a particular focus on supramolecular chemistry-based methods. Illustrative examples that show how such methods have achieved success in real-world environments are also included, as are areas highlighted for future research and development.

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“…In contrast, various monitoring studies can be found in literature, both for the evaluation of inhaling and cutaneous exposure and for the simultaneous determination of more substances [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Nevertheless, while international agencies suggest methodologies that have been partially or fully validated, analytical methods available in literature do not necessarily follow any validation protocol, which is an indispensable requirement to assure data reproducibility and comparison [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%