External and internal human exposure to PFOA and HFPOs around a mega fluorochemical industrial park, China: Differences and implications

Feng, Xuemin; Yang, Yi; Yang, Liping; Zhu, Yumin; Shan, Guoqiang; Zhu, Lingyan; Zhang, Shufeng

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106824

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Relative to other PFASs, HFPO-DA has higher volatility (vapor pressure: 760 Torr at 20 °C) and thus may be released into the atmosphere. Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) incline to partition between the gas phase and particulates, and HFPO-DA was widely detected in the indoor and/or outdoor dust. , This result suggests that adsorption of HFPO-DA to atmospheric particulates might account for the higher concentration of HFPO-DA in outdoor dust. It has been reported that the transformation of PFAA precursors might also contribute to the high proportion of short-chain PFAAs in the atmosphere .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Sources, Fractionation, and Migration of Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances between Greenhouse and Open-Field Soils

Shen

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in agricultural soils, but their sources and fate in greenhouse soils remain unclear. In this study, the sources, fractionation, and migration of PFASs were compared in the greenhouse and open-field soils of the Fen-Wei Plain, China. The total concentrations of PFASs (Σ17PFAS) were comparable in the greenhouse and open-field soils but with different profiles. Detrended correspondence and correlation analyses indicated that dry deposition was an important source of PFASs in the open-field soils, whereas surface water had a notable contribution to the greenhouse soils due to more frequent irrigation. The PFASs in the soils were mainly present in water-soluble fraction (F1). The F1 proportions of short-chain and long-chain PFASs were negatively correlated with the anion exchange capacity (AEC) and organic carbon content (f oc) in soil, respectively, with that of short-chain PFASs being higher than long-chain ones. The AEC was significantly higher while f oc was lower in the greenhouse soil than the open-field soil, leading to lower proportions of F1 for short-chain PFASs while higher for long-chain ones in the greenhouse soil. Frequent irrigation and elevated temperatures promoted the migration of PFASs in greenhouse soil; thus, the Σ17PFAS and F1 exhibited an increasing trend with soil depth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Sources, Fractionation, and Migration of Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances between Greenhouse and Open-Field Soils

Shen

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Thus, the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model (eq ) was applied to estimate the blood concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFHxS. If the bioavailability, F , was set to 100%, which was usually used in most of the previous studies, , the predicted blood concentrations were distinctly higher than the measured values (Figure S2). This indicated that the bioavailability ( F ) greatly affected the predicted blood concentration of PFASs and 100% bioavailability may lead to overestimation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23−26 However, some recent studies suggested that the bioavailability was lower than 100% in many circumstances, implying that the human exposure risks might be overestimated in previous studies. 23,24,27 Hence, to better characterize the indirect and direct exposure sources of PFASs among general population, 20 volunteers were recruited, and the corresponding blood, urine, and exposure matrices (1 week duplicate food, drinking water, and indoor dust) of each participant were collected. The objectives of this work are to (1) quantify PFASs and the isomers of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS in the abovementioned samples; (2) estimate bioavailability of PFASs in the food matrices by comparing the measured and predicted concentrations of PFASs in the blood; and (3) characterize the contribution of indirect exposure to the PFAS body burden in humans.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies reported that the concentrations of short-chained PFASs decreased, while long-chained PFASs increased during cooking, such as frying, steaming, or boiling. , Recently, a 1 or 2 day duplicate diet was employed to assess EDI, which was proven to improve human exposure assessment. , However, the 1 or 2 day duplicate diet does not well reflect variations in dietary intakes of the participants because most people tend to change their food recipes within a short period (such as a week). On the other hand, there are many studies reporting the internal exposure of PFASs by measuring them in human blood , and attempted to understand the intrinsic relationship between external and internal exposures by a one-compartment toxicokinetic model, in which bioavailability of PFASs in the food matrices was assumed to be 100%. − However, some recent studies suggested that the bioavailability was lower than 100% in many circumstances, implying that the human exposure risks might be overestimated in previous studies. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying Indirect Contribution from Precursors to Human Body Burden of Legacy PFASs Based on Paired Blood and One-Week Duplicate Diet

Feng

Sun

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The restriction on legacy perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to increasing application and contamination of their precursors and novel alternatives. However, the indirect contribution from precursors has not been well characterized. In this study, 24 PFASs were measured in the paired human blood and urine from general volunteers (n = 20), as well as their corresponding exposure matrices (7 day duplicate diet, drinking water and dust). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was predominant, followed by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), contributing 21.6–47.0 and 6.6–20.0% of the total concentrations, respectively. Total oxidable precursor (TOP) assay and isomeric analysis coupled with a toxicokinetic model suggested that around 19% of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in human was contributed by its precursors. The strong correlation between the estimated daily intake (EDI) and human blood concentration for 6:2 Cl-PFESA suggested that it was mainly contributed by direct exposure. The bioavailability of 6:2 Cl-PFESA in the food matrices was estimated as 18.6% by comparing the estimated and measured blood concentrations, implying that human exposure might be overestimated if the bioavailability of PFASs in food was not considered. Assuming that they had a similar bioavailability, it was estimated that ca. 20% of PFOS body burden was from indirect exposure to its precursors, which was supported by TOP assay.

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“…Globally, the emission of PFOS and PFOA has been monitored according to the Stockholm Convention and 2010 / 2015 PFOA Stewardship Programme, respectively (United Nations Environment Programme, 2019; United Nations Environment Programme, 2022). However, the potential toxicity of these compounds has been reported recently (Feng et al, 2021;Fenton et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from water by activated carbons: Adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid

Eun

SHIMAMURA²,

ASANO³

et al. 2022

EMCR

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Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent organic compounds of industrial origin and harmful to human health and ecosystems. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) remain the most common PFAS in aquatic environments despite recent regulations on their use. In the water purification process, selection of materials such as activated carbon (AC) to efficiently adsorb and remove PFOS and PFOA remains a major challenge from the viewpoints of cost, efficiency of organic pollutant removal and disposal of used adsorbents. For efficient water purification, here we aimed to identify effective and low-cost carbon-based adsorbents (granular AC [GAC] and powdered AC [PAC]) with good physiochemical properties for removing PFOS and PFOA. The conventional GAC removed 12% of PFOA but could not remove PFOS. Alternatively, PAC #1, #2 and #3 removed > 90% of PFOS and PFOA in 72 h at 25°C. Moreover, only a marginal difference in adsorption performance was observed among coconut husk, coal and wood. The removal rate of PFOS and PFOA by PAC #3 (at 1 mg / L) was 100% and 98%, respectively, rendering it the most effective water purification adsorbent. PAC #1, #2 and #3 had a significant adsorption effect compared with PAC #4 and GAC and are more cost-effective than conventional GAC, thereby making them ideal for water purification. This study presents a feasible water purification method involving PFOS and PFOA removal.

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External and internal human exposure to PFOA and HFPOs around a mega fluorochemical industrial park, China: Differences and implications

Cited by 58 publications

References 53 publications

Different Sources, Fractionation, and Migration of Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances between Greenhouse and Open-Field Soils

Different Sources, Fractionation, and Migration of Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances between Greenhouse and Open-Field Soils

Quantifying Indirect Contribution from Precursors to Human Body Burden of Legacy PFASs Based on Paired Blood and One-Week Duplicate Diet

Removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from water by activated carbons: Adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid

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