External Filter Cake Properties During Injection of Produced Waters

Abstract

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE European Formation Damage Conference held in The Hague, The Netherlands, 31 May–1 June 1999.

A Novel Water Injectivity Model and Experimental Validation using CT Scanned Core-floods

“…A good match was obtained between modeled and experimental pressure-drop, impedance, and injectivity results. These results confirmed the existence of transition time proposed by Pang and Sharma (1997).…”

“…Almost all the models focused exclusively on either internal or external filtration, neglecting the fact that both effects could take place concomitantly (Herzig et al 1970;Eylander 1988;Vitthal et al 1988;Tien et al 1997;Kuhnen et al 2000). Pang and Sharma (1997) proposed distinct analytical models for internal and external filtration and then coupled them with the concept of transition time for predicting the overall decline in injectivity. Their model was found to be in good agreement with experimental data.…”

“…More-recent studies addressed the interplay of internal filtration and EFC buildup (Farajzadeh 2002;Al-Abduwani 2005). Comprehensive analytical models for injectivity decline were developed assuming constant filtration and formation-damage coefficients (Herzig et al 1970;Pang and Sharma 1997;Sharma et al 2000;Altoe et al 2004;Bedrikovetsky et al 2011;Ali et al 2009). These models predicted unlimited growth of retained-particle concentration that is unrealistic in many cases.…”

“…Further, Guedes et al (2009) justified that under fairly general conditions, multiple mechanisms responsible for particle retention in porous media can be aggregated into a single filtration coefficient. Pang and Sharma (1997) and Wennberg and Sharma (1997) showed that the two empirical parametersfiltration coefficient k and formation-damage factor b-can be obtained from combined measurements of pressure drop and suspended concentration in the effluent. With the application of computed-tomography (CT) scanning in the area of particulate transport in porous media, Al-Abduwani et al (2005a) showed that the filtration coefficient can be obtained from the in-situ deposition profiles obtained along the length of the core at different timesteps.…”

Water Quality and Well Injectivity: Do Residual Oil-in-Water Emulsions Matter?

“…However, while much knowledge is available regarding the effect of solid particles, the question of how the simultaneous presence of oil droplets affects the injectivity behavior is not yet completely and clearly answered. Besides their contribution to filter-cake permeability reduction, emulsion droplets can be forced (squeezed or snapped off) to enter the formation where they may be captured either by straining in pore constrictions or by deposition on the pore surface, causing in-depth permeability damage (Soo and Radke 1984b;Hofman and Stein 1991;Ochi et al 1999;van den Broek et al 1999;Al-Riyamy and Sharma 2002). In addition, during PWRI for EOR purposes (PWRI-EOR), oil droplets are likely to be generated in situ from residual oil with an even more dramatic effect on injectivity (Ali et al 2005;Vaz et al 2006;Lei et al 2008).…”