External Nose Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults

Abstract

Although many studies in the literature examine distances and angles about the nose, there are no clear standard values for different races and ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to determine the anthropometric measurement standards related to the external nose in Turkish young adults between the ages of 18 and 25. The subjects participating in this study were 100 female and 100 male volunteers. Six landmarks (nasion, subnasale, pronasale, alar, subalar and maxillofrontale) on the nose were chosen, and these landmarks were identified on the photographs. Then, using these landmarks, a total of seven distances (nose height, dorsum of nose length, distance between the subnasale and pronasale, nose width, right nostril floor width, left nostril floor width and root of nose width) and four angles (nasofrontal, nasofacial, nasomental and nasolabial angles) measurements were made. There were statistically significant differences between gender in nine parameters. One parameter (nasofrontal angle) is higher in females, and seven parameters (nose height, dorsum of nose length, nose width, right nostril floor width, left nostril floor width, root of nose width and nasofacial angle) are higher in males. It is accepted that distances and angles about the nose differ according to race and ethnicity. The authors believe that the results obtained in this study will help determine the standard values that can be used for the Turkish population between the ages of 18 and 25.

Nasal Anthropometric Analysis in Turkish Rhinoplasty Patients

“…20 Morphological nose width (al-al) values of the Turkish population vary between 41.07 ± 2.92 and 35.24 ± 2.70 mm in men and between 36.53 ± 2.65 and 31.59 ± 2.50 mm in women. 16,18 The morphological nose width measurements obtained in this study were within the range of the Turkish population (men, 37.25 ± 2.8 mm; women, 35.39 ± 3.42 mm). This value was reported as 35.50 ± 0.37 mm and 38.90 ± 9.3 mm in male rhinoplasty patients in 2 different studies.…”

“…The mean nasofrontal angle in the Turkish population varies between 123.85°±13.23° and 146.03°±8.19° in men and between 133.16°±8.88° and 148.61°±6.66° in women 18,31–33. The mean nasolabial angle varies between 90.32°±11.8° and 102.92°±10.91° in men and between 95.07°±10.42° and 104.4°±12.7° in women 2,13,18,31–33.…”

“…Of 3 studies reporting the nasal bridge length (n-prn) value of the Turkish population, Özdemir et al 15 found the nasal bridge length value to be 40.3 ± 7.1 mm in men and 40.1 ± 5.6 mm in women and Bahsi et al 18 found this to be as 40.99 ± 3.80 mm in men and 39.23 ± 3.66 mm in women. In both studies, the 2dimensional photogrammetry anthropometric measurement method was applied using digital photos, similar to the approach followed in our study, and the values obtained in both studies were lower than the nasal bridge length values obtained in our study (men, 45.91 ± 4.6 mm; women, 43.44 ± 5.65 mm).…”

“…18,[31][32][33] The mean nasolabial angle varies between 90.32°± 11.8°a nd 102.92°± 10.91°in men and between 95.07°± 10.42°a nd 104.4°± 12.7°in women. 2,13,18,[31][32][33] In the present study, the nasofrontal angle (men, 148.02°± 7.82°; women, 147.94°± 7.17°) values were consistent with the upper limit of the general values for the Turkish population. Nasolabial angle (men, 98.27°± 10.53°; women, 101.94°± 10.33°) values were within the range of values for the general population.…”

Anthropometric Analysis of the Orbital Region in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls

“…29,30 Considering the clinical differences between the genders, differences in anthropometric measurements between the genders can also be expected. 31 In our study, orbital measurements were found to be significantly higher in males, but there was no significant difference in females. All linear soft-tissue orbital dimensions were found significantly larger in males than in females in a study examining anthropometric differences between the genders in healthy individuals.…”