External shame, loneliness, psychological distress, and well-being: insights from the Turkish adaptation of the Other as Shamer Scale-2

Satıcı, Begüm; Deniz, M. Engin

doi:10.5114/cipp.2020.97421

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The OAS is a valid, reliable, and widely used self‐reporting tool for measuring shame and exploring the potential similarities and differences between external shame (ES) and internal shame (IS; Matos, Pinto‐Gouveia, Gilbert, Duarte, & Figueiredo, 2015; Satici & Deniz, 2020). The OAS is an 18‐item scale that was used in this study to measure global judgments about how others evaluate the self.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals

Mantzoukas

Kotrotsiou

Mentis

et al. 2021

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose To explore the relationship between shame, ageing, physical disease, and quality of life in Greek older people. Design and Methods A cross‐sectional design using a stratified random cluster sample of older adults from Open Care Centers for the Elderly in the region of Epirus, Greece. Data were collected using (a) the Short Form‐36 Health Survey, (b) the Other As Shamer Scale, and (c) the Experience of Shame Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Internal shame was positively correlated with external shame (Pearson's r(177) =, p < .01), with negative effect on the mental component in both men and women (effect on women bW = ‐0.173, pW = .004, effect on men bM = ‐0.138, pM = .047), b = path analysis beta coefficient and with a significant negative effect on the physical health component for men. External shame was found to have a significant negative effect on women's mental health (b = ‐0.266, p = .002) and a nonsignificant effect on the physical health component. Age was negatively related with the physical health component in both groups (bW = ‐0.392, pW = .002 and bM = ‐0.384, pM = .003), while the presence of a bodily disease corresponded with a lower physical health component score for men (b = ‐4.267, p = .033). Conclusion Shame in older individuals is present in both sexes. Older males suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of the health‐related quality of life on physical health components, leading to greater internal shame. Older females suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of health‐related quality of life on mental health components, leading to greater external shame. Clinical Relevance These results indicate the need for developing assessment and care plans for older individuals that incorporate in them the concept of shame as a factor in dealing with and adapting to physical disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals

Mantzoukas

Kotrotsiou

Mentis

et al. 2021

J of Nursing Scholarship

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“…Hence, the study of external shame will contribute to a measurement tool that can be used in intercultural studies and thus to the conceptual development of shame. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the most often used measure of external shame, the Other as Shamer Scale (OAS) in Urdu (Hiramatsu et al, 2020;Satici and Deniz, 2020). Theoretical background of the OAS structure…”

Section: Purpose Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Other as Shamer Scale-2 (OAS-2) is frequently used by researchers, there has been limited study on its psychometric properties and its applicability to other populations. The majority of studies investigating the validity and reliability of the OAS-2 were conducted in an individualistic Western culture (Balsamo et al , 2015; Satici and Deniz, 2020; Mantzoukas et al , 2021; Ferreira et al , 2022). Therefore, in a collectivist culture, a measurement tool that can assess external shame is very limited, which is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Purpose Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedighimornani et al (2019) reveal in their studies that there is a growing interest in exploring the association between external shame and individuals’ well-being and psychopathology. Because shame is a self-disapproving, devastating and painful experience, it makes individuals vulnerable to psychological distress (Satici and Deniz, 2020). The urgent need to address external shame is underscored by a growing corpus of recent scientific studies, as it appears to be more strongly related to social challenges, such as ostracism and social criticism, that negatively impact self-perception (Matos et al , 2015; Swee et al , 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessment

Gull

Aqeel

Kanwal

et al. 2022

IJHRH

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Purpose Despite the fact that shame is recognized as a significant factor in clinical encounters, it is under-recognized, under-researched and under-theorized in health prevention, assessment and cross-cultural contexts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the most widely used scale, the “Other as Shamer Scale” (OAS), to assess the risk and proclivities of external shame in adults. As in health care, there is a barrier between what is known through research in one culture and what is acceptable in practice in another culture. Design/methodology/approach The Urdu version was prepared using the standard back-translation method, and the study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The translation and adaptation were completed in four steps: forward translation, adaptation and translation, back translation, committee approach and cross-language validation. The sample, selected through the purposive sampling method, is comprised of 200 adults (men = 100 and women = 100), with an age range of 18–60 years (M = 28, SD = 5.5), spanning all stages of life. The Cronbach's alpha reliability and factorial validity of the OAS were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (at a two-week interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) software. Findings Preliminary analysis revealed that the overall instrument had good internal consistency (Urdu OAS a = 0.91; English OAS a = 0.92) as well as test–retest correlation coefficients for 15 days (r = 0.88). The factor loading of all items ranged from 0.69 to 0.9, which explained the significant level and indicated the model's overall goodness of fit. Originality/value Findings suggest that this scale has significant psychometric properties and the potential to be used as a valid, reliable and cost-effective clinical and research instrument. This study contributes to scientific knowledge and helps to develop and test indigenous cross-cultural instruments that can be used to examine external shame in Pakistani people.

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“…The shame and embarrassment embedded in Turkish societal values influence the challenges faced by individuals grappling with mental health issues, unemployment, or political non-conformity ( Satici and Deniz, 2020 ; Daǧ and Alkar, 2022 ). The societal expectations placed on individuals to adhere to certain norms and standards also create significant pressure, contributing to the dread of judgment and stigma associated with these problems ( Muftuler-Bac and Muftuler, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional suicide as anomie: decedents speak out for work-related suicides through a Durkheimian exploration of suicide notes in a context without institutional responsibilization for suicide prevention

Ozbilgin,

Erbil,

Demirbağ

et al. 2024

Front. Sociol.

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IntroductionDrawing on Durkheim’s historical theorization of suicide, we extend his concept of anomic suicide, which is suicide due to a lack of social regulation, to introduce the concept of institutional suicide. We define institutional suicide as suicide due to the absence or decline of institutional policies, practices, and discourses for prevention. In this study, we explore the mechanisms for institutional suicides based on suicide notes Turkey, in a context without institutional responsibilization for prevention. Turkey provides a significant context for studying institutional suicides as policies, practices, and discourses for suicide prevention have been declining for some decades.MethodsDrawing on publically available suicide notes and narratives in Turkish media outlets, we analyze 17 suicide notes and responses from their institutions of work and friends, family, and colleagues.Findings and DiscussionWe identify two mechanisms that lead to institutional suicides: (1) dehumanization due to lack of recognition and (2) misrecognition through a devaluation of potential. We extend the theory of anomie to institutional settings and offer social policy suggestions to improve institutional responses based on co-design based on suicide notes to prevent institutional suicides and call for institutional responsibilization for preventing work-related suicides.

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External shame, loneliness, psychological distress, and well-being: insights from the Turkish adaptation of the Other as Shamer Scale-2

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals

Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessment

Institutional suicide as anomie: decedents speak out for work-related suicides through a Durkheimian exploration of suicide notes in a context without institutional responsibilization for suicide prevention

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