Doctors in training are often challenged by clinical cases which don't seem to make sense. In describing pain episodes, patients will sometimes use hand gestures as part of their communication. Hand gestures are more likely used in clinical settings when words are hard to find, when spatial representation is important, where there are language difficulties, and when it is the most important thing the patient says. The hand gestures are perhaps most important for the learner to observe when they are discordant with what the patient is saying. When the hand gestures gives different information than the verbal message, it is often the hand gesture that provides critical diagnostic information. These spontaneous, meaningful, explanatory gestures can be so useful for the clinician, that we give it the term the Visual Chief Concern. The Visual Chief Concern is distinguished from other non-verbal communication that add intensity and emotion to words. The Visual Chief Concern is an additional tool for experienced clinician and trainee alike. "The problem doesn't make any sense." Helping doctors in training to sort out a patient's pain can be a challenging task. A confusing history is particularly an issue when the stated chief concern does not fit well with other data. The chief concern (or chief complaint) is universally recommended as an essential part of a patient's initial evaluation. It has been used for hundreds of years and purports to tell not only the main thing on the patient's mind, but often to suggest the diagnosis. The seasoned clinician will recognize that there are circumstances when the stated chief concern is less useful. Patients may state a "chief concern," while their critical health issue (i.e., depression) is different. Observing a patient's body language is well understood, but the importance of the patient's specific use