Extra-adrenal Myelolipoma: Tumour at Unusual Site

Multifocal extra-adrenal myelolipomas with bilateral perirenal and retroperitoneal nodal involvement—Computed tomography features

“…However, no genetic predisposition has been reported in the literature. Other hypothesized pathogenesis of extra-adrenal myelolipoma include distant embolization of bone marrow tissue or the embryonic connective tissue reactivation as a response to stimulus such as sepsis or endocrine dysfunction [3] . Malignant transformation of myelolipomas has never been reported in the literature [4] .…”

“…The adrenal gland is the most common site for myelolipoma involvement. Extra-adrenal myelolipomas tend to occur in the presacral region, accounting for half of all cases [3] . Other sites include the retroperitoneum, thorax, and mediastinum [5] .…”

“…The tumor predominantly involves the adrenal glands with a reported incidence rate ranging from 0.08% to 0.4% discovered at autopsy [2] . Involvement in extra-adrenal sites is rare, with an incidence of 14% of all myelolipomas [3] .…”

Myelolipoma: an unusual differential of duodenal polyp

“…Proposed theories for its etiopathogenesis are embolisation of haematopoietic components from bone marrow tissue, or reactivation of embryonic peritoneal connective tissue in response to a triggered stimulus, like an endocrine dysfunction or a septic condition. 3 Generally, these tumours are asymptomatic and do not require any intervention, but may turn symptomatic if it is large enough to cause mass effect or bleeding-induced complications. In most cases, they are picked up incidentally by radiological investigations.…”

“…With these radiological features, differentials are myelolipoma, lipoma, liposarcoma, teratoma and even extramedullary haematopoiesis. 3 Due to their benign nature, asymptomatic tumours and lesions <6 cm do not require any form of intervention and an annual imaging survillance is advised. 2 In our case, not only was it symptomatic, but also we did not even had a preoperative diagnosis.…”