Extra-Arachnoidal Dissection and Limited Meatal Drilling for Excision of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas

Abstract

Background: Surgical excision of giant (>4 cm size) vestibular schwannomas (VS) with preservation of facial nerve (FN) function remains a challenge. Objective: Our surgical technique using an extra-arachnoid plane of dissection and limited meatal drilling is described with the goal of improving FN preservation. Methods: Surgical results with respect to FN preservation were analyzed for two groups of giant VS patients: Group A–operated between 2002 and 2009 using “standard” surgical technique, group B—operated between 2009 and 2016 using extra-arachnoidal dissection and limited meatal drilling. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Results: Group A: Of the 115 patients, total excision was possible in 103 (89.5%), near-total in 7 (6%), and subtotal in 5 (4.3%) patients. At a >6-month follow-up, 68 (59.1%) patients had good FN function (House-Brackmann [H&B] grades 1–2), while 21 (18.3%) patients had poor function (H&B grade 3–5). Grade 6 involvement was seen in 26 (22.6%). Five patients had lower cranial nerve impairment necessitating tracheostomy. Group B: Of the 98 patients, total excision was achieved in 70 (71.4%) patients, near-total in 9 (9.2%), and subtotal in 19 (19.4%). Four patients had repeat surgery; 14 underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery. At >6-month follow-up, 78 (79.5%) patients had good FN function (H&B grades 1–2), while 20 (20.4%) had poor function (H&B grade 3–5). Conclusions: With our 'modified' surgical technique of extra-arachnoidal dissection of VS throughout surgery and limited meatal drilling, an improved rate of functional FN preservation was observed.