Extra low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the bedplace of children diagnosed with leukaemia

Coghill, Roger; Steward, J. K.; Philips, Alasdair

doi:10.1097/00008469-199606000-00002

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As shown in Table 4, the overall mean percentage of children exposed to ≥0.3 μT for all studies was 2.0%, with a range from 0 to 7.0% 57–74. The PAR% in the best‐guess scenario was 1.9%, which means that about 2% of the CL incidence in the population might be attributable to ELF‐EMF exposure.…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The estimation of the proportions of exposed children were based on the studies included in the pooled analyses of Greenland et al 6. and Kheifets et al .,7 because both pooled analyses used the same exposure categories (0.1–0.2 μT, 0.2–0.3 μT and ≥0.3 μT) 57–74. For the estimation of population exposure, we used control group exposure and grouped studies based on country or region.…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of high electromagnetic field levels on childhood leukemia incidence

Teepen

Dijck

2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has raised concern, as increased exposure may result in an increased risk of childhood leukemia (CL). Besides a short introduction of CL and EMF, our article gives an evaluation of the evidence of a causal relation between EMF and CL by critically appraising the epidemiological and biological evidence. The potential impact is also estimated by the population attributable risk. The etiology of CL is largely unknown, but is probably multifactorial. EMF may be one of the environmental exposures involved. Three pooled analyses of case–control studies showed a 1.4‐ to 1.7‐fold increased CL risk for extremely low‐frequency EMF (ELF‐EMF) exposure levels above 0.3 μT. Several biases may have played a role in these studies, but are unlikely to fully explain the increased risk. For effects of radiofrequency ELF evidence is lacking. None of the proposed biological mechanisms by which ELF‐EMF might cause CL have been confirmed. The estimated overall population attributable risk was 1.9%, with the highest estimates in Northern America and Brazil (4.2% and 4.1%, respectively). The potential impact of EMF exposure on public health is probably limited, although in some countries exposure might be relatively high and thus might have a more substantial impact. We recommend nationwide surveys to gain more insight into the contemporary exposure levels among children. Reducing exposure from power lines near densely populated areas and schools is advised. Future epidemiological studies should focus on limiting bias.

show abstract

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high electromagnetic field levels on childhood leukemia incidence

Teepen

Dijck

2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of studies used 24-h measurements to assess residential exposure (London et al, 1991;Linet et al, 1997;Dockerty et al, 1998;Michaelis et al, 1998). Two studies performed spot measurements (Tomenius, 1986;Savitz et al, 1988) and one study assessed exposure only during night time (Coghill et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of short-term residential measurement in the prediction of 72-h exposure to power frequency magnetic field in households very close to high-tension transmission lines

Ger¹,

Chang²,

Sung

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

, a total of 80 single-dwelling households close (o70 m) to high-tension (161 or 345 kV) power lines in a northern community of Taiwan received measurements of indoor extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field for 72 h. Measurements were performed with EMDEX IIt meter at a sampling rate of every 300 s, yielding some 860 readings of ELF magnetic field for each household. In addition to the 72-h mean ELF magnetic field, we also calculated arithmetic means of the first 2, 6, 12, and 288 readings taken in each household to represent the information on spot, 30-min, 60-min, and 24-h exposures, respectively. The mean 72-h exposure to ELF magnetic field for the 80 study households was estimated at 0.80 micro-Tesla (mT) with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.13 mT. The mean for pot, 30-min, 60-min, and 24-h exposure was 0.88 (SD 1.38), 0.90 (SD 1.40), 0.9 (SD 1.17), and 0.83 (SD 1.17) mT, respectively. There were high agreements, indicated by a nearly perfect intra-class correlation coefficient, between 72-h mean exposure and those short-term exposure measures. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of various short-term exposures in the prediction of 72-h exposure greater than 0.4 mT were similar at values of 0.82-0.87 and 0.93-0.95, respectively. This study indicates that short-term measurements of indoor ELF magnetic field seem adequate to represent the mean 72-h exposure, but tended to overpredict 72-h exposure greater than 0.4 mT. Further investigation is needed to assess whether these findings can be replicated in households far away from high-tension power lines.

show abstract

“…Electric fields (EF) were not evaluated since published results on the possible effects are anecdotal and mostly did not show positive associations (cf. Savitz et al, 1988;London et al, 1991;Coghill et al, 1996;Dockerty et al, 1998;Green et al, 1999;McBride et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of lifetime accumulated ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances in the context of a retrospective epidemiological case–control study

Behrens

Terschüren

Kaune³

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Europe household appliances are a major source of indoor 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. A number of epidemiological studies have reported associations between leukemia risk and personal use of household appliances. In the ''Norddeutsche Leuka¨mie und Lymphomstudie'' (NLL), which was conducted in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony) between 1997 and 2001, lifetime use of a preselected array of electric appliances (microwave ovens, hair-dryers, motorized electrical alarm clocks (i.e. that use a motor to move their hands or digits), electric blankets and pillows, heated waterbeds, computers with conventional screens, TVs, and electric sewing machines) was recorded in a standardized, personal, computerized interview. Exposure was assessed on three different levels of precision: ever use, cumulative appliance-years, and average time of daily use. Additional questions referred to exposure modifying factors, including distance from screen while watching TV, position of an alarm clock at the bed etc.). Exposure to ELF-EMF from household appliances was quantified as ever vs. never use, gross and net appliance-years of lifetime use and cumulative mT-hours. Flux densities were based on measurements of appliances from the published literature. These were used as weighting factors to account for the different device-specific contributions to overall ELF-EMF exposure. Resulting distributions (as quartiles) for exposure scores revealed systematic differences for different levels of precision. Our analysis indicates that valid assessment of ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances should be based on the highest possible degree of precision and hence provides a considerable challenge in analytic epidemiology.

show abstract

Extra low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the bedplace of children diagnosed with leukaemia

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of high electromagnetic field levels on childhood leukemia incidence

Impact of high electromagnetic field levels on childhood leukemia incidence

Accuracy of short-term residential measurement in the prediction of 72-h exposure to power frequency magnetic field in households very close to high-tension transmission lines

Quantification of lifetime accumulated ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances in the context of a retrospective epidemiological case–control study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About