Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Diseases: Benefits for Human Health

Nocella, Cristina; Cammisotto, Vittoria; Fianchini, Luca; D’Amico, Alessandra; Novo, Mattia; Castellani, Valentina; Stefanini, Lucia; Violi, Francesco; Carnevale, Roberto

doi:10.2174/1871530317666171114121533

Cited by 115 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Virgin olive oil, obtained by mechanical and physical methods from fruits of the olive tree ( Olea europaea L.), incorporates a huge chemical richness in terms of bioactive compounds (Boskou, ). Several studies showed that some of these microcomponents play important roles in human health (Huang and Sumpio, ; López‐Miranda et al, ; Nocella et al, ; Visioli and Bernardini, ). Indeed, olive oil consumption has been associated with lower incidence rates of coronary disease and cancer, improved digestive functions, and brain aging delaying, among others (Abuznait et al, ; Huang and Sumpio, ; Nocella et al, ; Psaltopoulou et al, ; Visioli and Bernardini, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GxE Effects on Tocopherol Composition of Oils from Very Old and Genetically Diverse Olive Trees

Rodrigues

Casal

Cruz

et al. 2020

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Tocopherols are compounds with high biological activity, beneficial for human health that can be found in vegetable oils like olive oil, contributing for its resistance to oxidation. In this work, the tocopherol contents of olive oils extracted from centenarian olive trees of six cultivars (cvs. Lentisca, Madural, Rebolã, Redondal, Verdeal, and Verdeal Transmontana) were evaluated during five consecutive crop seasons (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). Three tocopherol isoforms (α-, βand γ-tocopherols) were detected in all analyzed olive oils, and their content varied significantly with the cultivar and year of production. The highest amounts were found in cv. Lentisca (456 AE 122 mg/kg olive oil), while the lowest were observed in cv. Verdeal (179 AE 45 mg/kg olive oil). Crop year was the most influential factor, with the highest contents observed in 2013 and lowest in 2014. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis helped differentiate olive oils according to cultivar or production year. These data suggest that tocopherol composition may serve as a chemical marker to distinguish the subject cultivar olive oils from centenarian trees either by olive cultivar or by crop year, being some cultivars identified as potential candidates for guaranteeing the production of olive oils rich in these compounds.Keywords Monovarietal olive oils Á α-Tocopherol Á Crop year Á Vitamin E Á Olive tree germplasm J Am Oil Chem Soc (2020) 97: 497-507.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GxE Effects on Tocopherol Composition of Oils from Very Old and Genetically Diverse Olive Trees

Rodrigues

Casal

Cruz

et al. 2020

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Several studies have indicated relationships between the saturation of dietary fat and the concentrations of total plasma cholesterol and higher blood pressure [5], hepatic steatosis [6], adipose chronic inflammation [6], ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and brown fat [6], overweight [6,7], hyperinsulinemia [7], and hepatic insulin resistance [8]. However, high fat diets that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids exert a protective role [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].High monounsaturated fatty acids diets also have demonstrated an effect on the secretion of the insulinotropic peptide GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) [16,17]. GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with antidiabetic action that is capable of stimulating insulin secretion [18,19], increasing beta cell neogenesis [20], inhibiting beta cell apoptosis [20], inhibiting glucagon secretion [21], delaying gastric emptying, and inducing satiety [20,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Role of High Fat Diets and Liver Peptidase Activity in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

et al. 2020

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High-fat diets (HFD) have been widely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and overweight. However, a high intake of sources that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has been suggested as a dietary agent that is able to positively influence energy metabolism and vascular function. The main objective of this study was to analyze the role of dietary fats on hepatic peptidases activities and metabolic disorders. Three diets: standard (S), HFD supplemented with virgin olive oil (VOO), and HFD supplemented with butter plus cholesterol (Bch), were administered over six months to male Wistar rats. Plasma and liver samples were collected for clinical biochemistry and aminopeptidase activities (AP) analysis. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also determined by Western blot in liver samples. The diet supplement with VOO did not induce obesity, in contrast to the Bch group. Though the VOO diet increased the time that was needed to return to the basal levels of plasma glucose, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio and HOMA2-%B index (a homeostasis model index of insulin secretion and valuation of β-cell usefulness (% β-cell secretion)) were improved. An increase of hepatic membrane-bound dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity was found only in VOO rats, even if no differences in fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were obtained. Both HFDs induced changes in hepatic pyroglutamyl-AP in the soluble fraction, but only the Bch diet increased the soluble tyrosyl-AP. Angiotensinase activities that are implicated in the metabolism of angiotensin II (AngII) to AngIV increased in the VOO diet, which was in agreement with the higher activity of insulin-regulated-AP (IRAP) in this group. Otherwise, the diet that was enriched with butter increased soluble gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Leucyl-AP, iNOS expression in the liver, and plasma NO. In summary, VOO increased the hepatic activity of AP that were related to glucose metabolism (DPP4, angiotensinases, and IRAP). However, the Bch diet increased activities that are implicated in the control of food intake (Tyrosine-AP), the index of hepatic damage (Leucine-AP and GGT), and the expression of hepatic iNOS and plasma NO. Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the liver, which could be related to alterations in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism.Nutrients 2020, 12, 636 2 of 17 the past few decades, and it typically it is a part of a cluster of metabolic syndrome conditions that increase the chance of developing several related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, abnormal cholesterol levels, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and cancer [2,3]. Several studies have documented a positive relationship between a high-fat diet (HFD) intake and obesity [4]. The efficacy of the current strategies of treatment for diseases that are caused by obesity is still not entirely satisfactory, and new approaches must be considered. Several studies ha...

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“…In recent years, the dietary benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and oleic acid have been heralded for improving cardiovascular health 31 . Therapeutic intravenous administration of oleic acid or ω-3 PUFAs is not a realistic option due to poor aqueous solubility and propensity to form lipid emboli [49][50] .…”

Section: Ldl-oa-npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2 activator-encapsulating polymeric nanoparticles and LDL-like nanoparticles target atherosclerotic plaque

Maiocchi

Thai

Buglak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the leading cause of death world-wide with few novel therapies available in spite of the ongoing health burden. Oxidative stress is a wellestablished driver of atherosclerotic progression; however the clinical translation of redoxbased therapies is lacking. One of the challenges facing redox-based therapies is their targeted delivery to cellular domains of redox dysregulation. In the current study we sought to develop NPs encapsulating redox-based interventions that exploit passive means of targeting to selectively accumulate in atherosclerotic plaque with the aim of enhancing the intra-plaque bioavailability of interventions. Herein we present two types of nanoparticles (NPs): (i) We have employed flash nanoprecipitation to synthesize polymeric NPs encapsulating the hydrophobic Nrf2 activator drug, CDDO-Methyl, (ii) we have generated LDL-like NPs encapsulating the anti-inflammatory compound, oleic acid (OA). Nrf2activators are a promising class of redox-active drug molecules whereby activation of Nrf2 results in the expression of several antioxidant and cyto-protective enzymes. Moreover, local activation of Nrf2 within the atherosclerotic plaque can be athero-protective. In this study we characterize the physiochemical properties of these NPs as well as confirm in vitro association of NPs with murine macrophages. In vitro drug release of CDDO-Me from polymeric NPs was determined by Nrf2-ARE-driven GFP fluorescence. In vivo localization was assessed through immunofluorescence of histological sections. We show that CDDO-Me-NPs and LDL-OA-NPs selectively accumulate in atherosclerotic plaque of two widelyused murine models of atherosclerosis: ApoE -/and LDLr -/mice. Overall, these studies underline that passive targeting of atherosclerotic plaque is an effective means to enhance delivery of redox-based interventions. Future work will assess the therapeutic efficacy of intra-plaque Nrf2 activation or anti-inflammatory actions with CDDO-

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Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Diseases: Benefits for Human Health

Abstract: The studies analyzed demonstrated the role of EVOO as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and vasodilatory nutrient that may contribute to lower the atherosclerotic burden.

Cited by 115 publications

References 51 publications

GxE Effects on Tocopherol Composition of Oils from Very Old and Genetically Diverse Olive Trees

GxE Effects on Tocopherol Composition of Oils from Very Old and Genetically Diverse Olive Trees

The Role of High Fat Diets and Liver Peptidase Activity in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Nrf2 activator-encapsulating polymeric nanoparticles and LDL-like nanoparticles target atherosclerotic plaque

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