Extrabulbar olfactory system and nervus terminalis FMRFamide immunoreactive components in Xenopus laevis ontogenesis

Pinelli, Claudia; D’Aniello, Biagio; Polese, Gianluca; Rastogi, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.06.001

Cited by 29 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…A similar problem was encountered in the study on X. laevis (Pinelli et al 2004). However, considering the appearance and further development of the hind limb buds, in the latter species the technical approach was successful slightly earlier than in R. esculenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…This hypothesis was also supported by developmental studies performed in Xenopus laevis, with the EBOS more developed in tadpoles than in adults (Hofmann & Meyer 1989b;Pinelli et al 2004). Moreover, Hofmann and Meyer (1992) emphasized that in this species the nerve fibers of the EBOS derive from cells of a portion of the olfactory mucosa selectively related to water-borne odorants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Originally, they called this fiber system 'projection olfactive primaire extrabulbaire' (extrabulbar olfactory projections5EBOP), later renamed as 'extrabulbar olfactory system' (EBOS; Schober et al 1994). Since then, one of the most debated argument is whether the EBOS has to be considered a part of the nervus terminalis (NT) or not (see Pinelli et al 2004;von Bartheld 2004). Apart from this controversy, here we will consider EBOS as a set of nerve fibers which originate from neurons located in the olfactory epithelium and bypass the olfactory bulbs to project into the brain more caudally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many teleostean species the EBOS has been described as being quite variable in extension, terminating in the telencephalon in some species (Demski & Northcutt 1983;Bazer et al 1987;Riddle & Oakley 1992) and projecting as far caudal as the mesencephalon in some others (von Bartheld & Meyer 1986;Szabo et al 1991;Hofmann & Meyer 1995). In amphibians, an EBOS was reported in some anurans (Hofmann & Meyer 1989a, 1989bPinelli et al 2004) and gymnophiona (Schmidt & Wake 1990) with the caudal extent of the extrabulbar projections within the diencephalon. In urodeles, instead, an EBOS projecting as far caudal as the mesencephalon was reported in the axolotl and the rough-skinned newt (Hofmann & Meyer 1989a); an EBOS extending beyond the diencephalon was described in ten species of salamanders (Schmidt et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among anamniotes, the developmental analysis of an EBOS has so far been made in a perennially aquatic anuran, the African clawed frog, X. laevis (Pinelli et al 2004). The earlier hypothesis that the EBOS regression (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental analysis of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the ranid frog with some phylogenetic considerations

D’Aniello

Pinelli

Polese

et al. 2008

Italian Journal of Zoology

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This study has examined the presence and distribution of extrabulbar olfactory projections (nerve fibers that originate from cells in the olfactory epithelium, bypass the olfactory bulbs and project caudally into the brain) in larvae and adult stages of a semi-aquatic frog, Rana esculenta. This species was chosen because previous work had suggested that the presence of an extrabulbar olfactory system (EBOS) may correlate with the detection of water-borne odorants. The main result is that this extrabulbar system is present in both larval and adult specimens of this frog species. In stage 26, the earliest one used in our study, the EBOS is well-developed and projects as far caudal as the rhombencephalon. During successive larval development and until the completion of metamorphosis, there occurs a progressive reduction in the caudal extent of the EBOS. This reduction is more dramatic during the metamorphic climax (stages 31-33). A reduction in the caudal extent of the extrabulbar projections in adult stages is similar to other species previously examined. We are inclined to believe that there is no correlation between a reduction in the caudal extent of the EBOS and transition from water to land.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Developmental analysis of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the ranid frog with some phylogenetic considerations

D’Aniello

Pinelli

Polese

et al. 2008

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Ontogenesis of the Extra‐Bulbar Olfactory Pathway in Xenopus laevis

Gaudin

Lardière-Butterfield

Gadrey

2013

The Anatomical Record

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Although the development, anatomy, and physiology of the vertebrate olfactory system are fairly well understood, there is still no clear definition of the terminal nerve complex acknowledged by all. Among the most debated matters is whether or not the extrabulbar projections found in anamniotes should or should not be considered part of the terminal nerve complex. In this context, we investigated the early development of the extrabulbar pathway in Xenopus larvae from placodal differentiation to postmetamorphic stages. We showed that the extrabulbar fibers become visible around Stage 42 and are conserved throughout metamorphosis. We confirmed previous reports concerning their central projection patterns. In addition, we showed that these fibers originate from two types of cell bodies located in the olfactory epithelium at premetamorphic stages. Furthermore, in postmetamorphic animals, we showed that the extrabulbar axons originated from both aquatic and aerial cavities. Retrograde tracing experiment also revealed densifications evocating cell bodies along the extrabulbar axons, distributed at different positions along the olfactory nerve depending on the stages of development. These densifications were observed closer to the periphery early in development and always closer to the olfactory bulb up to the metamorphic climax. We discuss these results in light of the latest theories and more recent reports.

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3D atlas describing the ontogenic evolution of the primary olfactory projections in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis

Gaudin

Gadrey

2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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The adult Xenopus presents the unique capability to smell odors both in water and air thanks to two different olfactory pathways. Nevertheless, the tadpole can initially perceive only water-borne odorants, as the olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) that will detect air-borne odorants develop later. Such a phenomenon requires major reorganization processes. Here we focused on the precise description of the neuroanatomical modifications occurring in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the tadpole throughout metamorphosis. Using both carbocyanine dyes and lectin staining, we investigated the evolution of ORN projection patterns into the OB from Stages 47 to 66, thus covering the period of time when all the modifications take place. Although our results confirm previous works (Reiss and Burd [1997] Semin Cell Dev Biol 8:171-179), we showed for the first time that the main olfactory bulb (MOB) is subdivided into seven zones at Stage 47 plus the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). These seven zones receive fibers dedicated to aquatic olfaction ("aquatic fibers") and are conserved until Stage 66. At Stage 48 the first fibers dedicated to the aerial olfaction constitute a new dorsomedial zone that grows steadily, pushing the seven original zones ventrolaterally. Only the part of the OB receiving aquatic fibers is fragmented, reminiscent of the organization described in fish. This raises the question of whether such an organization in zones constitutes a plesiomorphy or is linked to aquatic olfaction. We generated a 3D atlas at several stages which are representative of the reorganization process. This will be a useful tool for future studies of development and function.

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Extrabulbar olfactory system and nervus terminalis FMRFamide immunoreactive components in Xenopus laevis ontogenesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 77 publications

Developmental analysis of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the ranid frog with some phylogenetic considerations

Developmental analysis of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the ranid frog with some phylogenetic considerations

Ontogenesis of the Extra‐Bulbar Olfactory Pathway in Xenopus laevis

3D atlas describing the ontogenic evolution of the primary olfactory projections in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis

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