Extracellular accumulation of bioactive substances during preparation and storage of various platelet concentrates

Abstract

Background: Side effects of platelet transfusion may be associated with infusion of bioactive substances. We therefore studied extracellular accumulation of histamine, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin (IL)-6 during preparation and storage of various platelet concentrates. Methods: Twenty buffy-coat-derived platelet pools (BCPC) were prepared and stored in platelet additive solutions (PAS). Twelve apheresis platelet (APC) units were prepared using the COBE Spectra LRS, and 14 were prepared using the Fenwal Amicus Separator. After preparation half of the content was drawn from each APC unit. The normal ranges of the substances were determined in plasma from all donors, and the extracellular concentrations of the substances were determined in supernatants collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of storage from all platelet preparations. Results: The platelet counts were not significantly different in BCPC units and APC units. The BCPC units had a significantly higher white cell count than the APC units (P < 0.0001), but the count was significantly higher in the Amicus APC units than in the COBE APC units (P < 0.0001). The extracellular histamine concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in BCPC units after preparation and without further increase during storage, while there was no accumulation of histamine in APC units. After preparation the PAI-1 concentration was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in BCPC units than in APC units, but during storage PAI-1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) more in APC units than in BCPC units. Similarly, VEGF concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in BCPC units than in APC units after preparation. During storage, however, VEGF increased more in BCPC units compared with COBE Spectra APC units (P < 0.05), but compared with Amicus Separator APC units only for the first 3 days of storage. At days 5 and 7 of storage the VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the Amicus APC units than in the COBE APC units (P < 0.05). IL-6 was not detectable in any of the concentrates after preparation or during storage. Conclusion: Platelet concentrates prepared by the apheresis method may contain less white cell derived bioactive substances than platelet concentrates prepared by the buffy-coat method. However, a substantial storage time dependent platelet derived bioactive substance accumulation takes place in all platelet concentrates tested, presumably due to platelet disintegration. Am. J. Hematol. 67:157-162, 2001.

Bioactivity and stability of endogenous fibrogenic factors in platelet‐rich fibrin

“…Increased release of growth factors with time from PRF ® was possibly mediated by either of the proteinase‐activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 on the platelets 35 . In addition, platelet activation is associated with liberation of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐I 2 and thrombospondin‐1, 28 which may provide protection of the released endogenous growth factors.…”

“…In addition to clotting factors, adhesive proteins, proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors, platelets also release a bolus of potent wound‐healing promoting factors stored in the α‐granules such as angiopoietins, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), epidermal growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, platelet factor 4, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), TGF‐β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor 1 . PDGF and TGF‐β1 are the major platelet‐derived mediators of fibrogenesis during wound repair 2,3 …”

Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in blood transfusion components

“…Eur J Cancer 1993; be speculated that TIMP-1 might be implicated 29A: 2101-5. in the emergence of side eVects related to trans-6 Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Folsom AR, Potter JD, fusion of patients with platelet concentrates [37]. Munger …”

The use of specific anti-growth factor antibodies to abrogate the oncological consequences of transfusion in head & neck squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro study

“…In fact, pure blood products are rarely clinically achievable and most transfusions, even leuco-depleted packed red cells, contain a mixture of components. These include a significant number of white blood cells (monocytes and neutrophils) and platelets, some of which contain high concentrations of physiologically biologically active substances [11]. The different blood product components contain these substances to different degrees [12-16].…”