Extracellular Enzyme Activity Associated with Degradation of Beech Wood in a Central European Stream

Hendel, Björn; Marxsen, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2632(200003)85:1<95::aid-iroh95>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Melillo et al . (1983) and Hendel & Marxsen (2000) reported a substantially lower content in angiosperm wood, with 8% for birch, 13% for alder and 14% for beech. In the present study, angiosperm species exhibited contents close to these low values, with the exception of alder branches, which had lignin content almost double than that of heartwood of the same species.…”

Section: Influence Of Wood Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The available research on wood breakdown in rivers differs in the type and size of wood samples used, e.g. from thin plates (Tank et al ., 1998) or 1 cm 3 cubes (Hendel & Marxsen, 2000) to logs up to 32 cm in diameter (Webster et al ., 1999). This makes comparisons difficult, although an inverse relationship between breakdown rate and wood size has been reported from both terrestrial (Harmon et al ., 1986) and aquatic environments (Golladay & Webster, 1988; Webster et al ., 1999).…”

Section: Wood Mass Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakdown of wood in the Agüera stream

et al. 2002

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SUMMARY 1. Breakdown of wood was compared at three sites of the Agüera catchment (Iberian Peninsula): two oligotrophic first‐order reaches (one under deciduous forest, the other under Eucalyptus globulus plantations) and one third‐order reach under mixed forest, where concentration of dissolved nutrients was higher. 2. Branches (diameter = 3 cm, length = 10 cm) of oak (Quercus robur), alder (Alnus glutinosa), pine (Pinus radiata) and eucalyptus, plus prisms (2.5 × 2.5 × 10 cm) of alder heartwood were enclosed in mesh bags (1 cm mesh size) and placed in the streams. Mass loss was determined over 4.5 years, whereas nutrient, lignin and ergosterol were determined over 3 years. In order to describe fungal dynamics, ergosterol was also determined separately on the outer and inner parts of some branches. 3. Breakdown rates ranged from 0.0159 to 0.2706 year−1 with the third‐order reach having the highest values whatever the species considered. The most rapid breakdown occurred in alder heartwood and the slowest in pine branches; breakdown rates of oak, eucalyptus and alder branches did not differ significantly. 4. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus contents were found in alder, followed by oak, while pine and eucalyptus had low values. During breakdown, all materials rapidly lost phosphorus, but nitrogen content remained constant or slightly increased. Lignin content remained similar. 5. Peaks of ergosterol ranged from 0.023 to 0.139 mg g−1 and were higher in alder than in other species in two of the three sites. The third‐order reach generally had the greatest increase in ergosterol, especially in alder branches, eucalyptus and alder heartwood. The overall species/site pattern of fungal biomass was thus consistent with the observed differences in breakdown. 6. When compared with leaves of the same species decomposing at these sites, wood breakdown appeared to be less sensitive to the tree species but more sensitive to stream water chemistry. Although wood breakdown is slower and its inputs are lower than those of leaf litter, its higher resistance to downstream transport results in a relatively high standing stock and a significant contribution to the energy flux.

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Section: Influence Of Wood Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Wood Mass Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown of wood in the Agüera stream

et al. 2002

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“…The burst of laccase activity can lead to the depletion of phenolic compounds that inhibit organic matter degradation by oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes (Freeman et al , 2004) and it can be assumed that the oxygen‐regulated laccase activity plays an important role in carbon cycling in this environment. In the water environment, laccase was demonstrated to participate in the degradation of wood as well as humic substances (Claus & Filip, 1998; Hendel & Marxsen, 2000). Its activity is dependent on the succession step of substrate decay and it can exhibit a seasonal pattern of activity dependent on the input of its substrate (Artigas et al , 2004).…”

Section: Laccases In the Natural Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal laccases – occurrence and properties

2006

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Laccases of fungi attract considerable attention due to their possible involvement in the transformation of a wide variety of phenolic compounds including the polymeric lignin and humic substances. So far, more than a 100 enzymes have been purified from fungal cultures and characterized in terms of their biochemical and catalytic properties. Most ligninolytic fungal species produce constitutively at least one laccase isoenzyme and laccases are also dominant among ligninolytic enzymes in the soil environment. The fact that they only require molecular oxygen for catalysis makes them suitable for biotechnological applications for the transformation or immobilization of xenobiotic compounds.

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“…Only a rough estimate of fungal biomass can be made. Hendel (1999) and Hendel & Marxsen (2000) measured the ergosterol content of leaves and wood in the Breitenbach, which was approximately 30 μ g (g OM) −1 . Applying this value to the mean POM standing crop of 0.621 kg m −2 and using the conversion factor of Gessner & Chauvet (1993) (biomass/ergosterol = 182), the average total biomass of fungi in the Breitenbach is 1.7 g C m −2 .…”

Section: Standing Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial production in the carbon flow of a central European stream, the Breitenbach

Marxsen

2006

Freshwater Biology

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Summary 1. Over the last 30 years, many investigations have been performed on the dynamics of bacteria and organic matter in the Breitenbach, a first-order stream in central Germany. The data now available allow a synthesis of the role of bacteria in the carbon budget, as an example of the general importance of bacteria in stream ecosystems. 2. Comparing measured and estimated inputs and outputs to the ecosystem, the organic matter budget of the Breitenbach is fairly balanced: 1.84 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ (sum of inputs) versus 1.88 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ (sum of outputs). No major missing link remains. 3. The basis of the food web in the Breitenbach is mainly allochthonous organic matter (dissolved and particulate 1.02 and 0.42 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹, respectively). Autochthonous gross primary production is 0.4 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹. Most of the organic matter leaves the stream via transport to the River Fulda (dissolved and particulate 0.74 and 0.34 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹, respectively), the rest by respiration (0.80 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ or 43% of total outputs). 4. Bacteria constitute an important part (36%) of heterotrophic biomass (average: 0.004 kg m⁻² bacterial C of 0.011 kg m⁻² total heterotrophic C). Bacteria also account for the major fraction (71%) of heterotrophic production: 0.20 of 0.28 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ total heterotrophic production. Bacterial production in the Breitenbach is similar in magnitude to the estimate of photoautotrophic net primary production: both approximately 0.20 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹. 5. Protozoa, the main consumers of bacteria in the Breitenbach, consume approximately one-third of bacterial production (0.07 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹). Small metazoa (meiofauna, <0.5 mm) play a lesser role in the consumption of bacteria, consuming <0.01 kg bacterial C m⁻² year⁻¹. Larger metazoa (macrofauna, >0.5 mm) consume approximately 10% of bacterial production. Although this is a considerable amount of the carbon resources needed by the macrofauna (0.02 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ of bacterial production versus 0.06 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹ macrofauna production plus respiration), the carbon demand of the macrofaunal community is met to a larger extent by particulate organic matter than by bacteria. 6. Bacteria are the main decomposers in the Breitenbach. They account for 78% of heterotrophic respiration (0.47 of 0.60 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹) and 59% of total respiration (0.47 of 0.80 kg C m⁻² year⁻¹)

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Extracellular Enzyme Activity Associated with Degradation of Beech Wood in a Central European Stream

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Breakdown of wood in the Agüera stream

Breakdown of wood in the Agüera stream

Fungal laccases – occurrence and properties

Bacterial production in the carbon flow of a central European stream, the Breitenbach

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