Extracellular Matrix in the Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Produced Components of Extracellular Matrix Potentiate Multipotent Stem Cell Response to Differentiation Stimuli

“…Extracellular matrix provides physical support for cells and modulates cell functional activity, proliferation, adhesion, migration, acquisition of a specialized phenotype and its maintenance (Gattazzo et al, 2014;Humphrey et al, 2014). Tissue-specific ECM appears as a result of the unique composition and topography and provides a distinctive cell microenvironment in various tissue compartments, including stem cell niches (Gattazzo et al, 2014;Ahmed and Ffrench-Constant, 2016;Chermnykh et al, 2018;Novoseletskaya et al, 2019). Different ECM components may support stem cells and regulate their fate as well as contribute to the malignization of normal cells (Iozzo and Gubbiotti, 2018).…”

“…One of the most promising approach to model ECM-based cell microenvironment is a decellularization of extracellular matrices provided bioactive and biocompatible materials consisting of a complex assembly of fibrillar proteins, matrix macromolecules and associated growth factors that often recapitulates the composition and organization of the original ECM microenvironments and creates the necessary microenvironment for the activity of cells in vitro or in vivo (Rana et al, 2017;Dzobo et al, 2019;Heath, 2019;Novoseletskaya et al, 2019;Ebrahimi Sadrabadi et al, 2020). To stimulate the production of ECM components MSCs can be cultured in 3D conditions such as cell multilayers, or cell sheets.…”

Electrospun Polymers in Cartilage Engineering—State of Play

“…For example, the positive impact of bioreactors in musculoskeletal tissue engineering has been well-established (Peroglio et al, 2018) and electrospun scaffolds coupled with bioreactors have shown promise todate, even for complex structures, such as the cartilage-bone interface (Baumgartner et al, 2019). Further, considering that extracellular matrix is key modulator of cell fate through provision of biophysical, biochemical, and biological signals Watt and Huck, 2013;Kumar et al, 2017;Muncie and Weaver, 2018;Smith et al, 2018;Novoseletskaya et al, 2019), strategies that enhance and accelerate native extracellular matrix synthesis [e.g., hypoxia (Taheem et al, 2019)] and deposition [e.g., macromolecular crowding ] coupled with electrospinning are likely to lead to more biomimetic three-dimensional cartilage equivalents. It is also worth noting, that although the cell-sheet/scaffold-free technology has shown promise in human cartilage engineering (Sato et al, 2019), only thin layers of tissue can be developed, which imposes the need of either multi-layered approaches that are often associated with delamination and cell death in the middle layers due to poor nutrient/waste transport (Sekine et al, 2011) or multiple surgeries (Shimizu et al, 2006;Komae et al, 2017).…”

Harnessing mesenchymal stem cell secretome: Effect of extracellular matrices on proangiogenic signaling

“…The ECM, a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules including collagen, glycoproteins, and enzymes, not only provides a mechanical platform for cell adhesion but also supports and regulates various cellular processes through mechanical stimulation, regulation of the availability and activity of soluble and insoluble factors, and activation of intracellular signaling via the adhesion molecules (Gattazzo, Urciuolo, & Bonaldo, 2014). The importance of ECM in regulating the fate of stem cells is well documented (Chermnykh, Kalabusheva, & Vorotelyak, 2018; Novoseletskaya, Grigorieva, Efimenko, & Kalinina, 2019; Shakouri‐Motlagh, O'Connor, Brennecke, Kalionis, & Heath, 2017). However, the role of ECM in guiding the paracrine activities of MSCs remains unexplored.…”