Extracellular matrix (mesoglea) of Hydra vulgaris

Sarras, Michael P.; Madden, Michael E.; Zhang, Xiaoming; Gunwar, Sripad; Huff, Jacquelyn K.; Hudson, Billy G.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(91)90266-6

Cited by 92 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Isolation of the Hydra mesoglea was performed as previously described [67]. Adapted from the protocol IGEPAL CA-630 was used (1:1000 in ddH 2 O, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) to separate the mesoglea from the Hydra cells.…”

Section: Isolation Of the Mesogleamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic interactions within the host-associated microbiota cause tumor formation in the basal metazoan Hydra

et al. 2020

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The extent to which disturbances in the resident microbiota can compromise an animal's health is poorly understood. Hydra is one of the evolutionary oldest animals with naturally occurring tumors. Here, we found a causal relationship between an environmental spirochete (Turneriella spec.) and tumorigenesis in Hydra. Unexpectedly, virulence of this pathogen requires the presence of Pseudomonas spec., a member of Hydra´s beneficial microbiome indicating that dynamic interactions between a resident bacterium and a pathogen cause tumor formation. The observation points to the crucial role of commensal bacteria in maintaining tissue homeostasis and adds support to the view that microbial community interactions are essential for disease. These findings in an organism that shares deep evolutionary connections with all animals have implications for our understanding of cancer.

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Section: Isolation Of the Mesogleamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic interactions within the host-associated microbiota cause tumor formation in the basal metazoan Hydra

et al. 2020

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“…The ECM is present from the earliest stages of development in the embryo, and indeed the ECM of maternal origin invests some oocytes and eggs. Even the most primitive of Metazoans, such as the Hydra, have an ECM scaffold (mesoglea), required for the formation of a correct body plan [13, 14]. …”

Section: The Ecm—an Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular matrix fluctuations during early embryogenesis

et al. 2011

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Extracellular matrix (ECM) movements and rearrangements were studied in avian embryos during early stages of development. We show that the ECM moves as a composite material, whereby distinct molecular components as well as spatially separated layers exhibit similar displacements. Using scanning wide field and confocal microscopy we show that the velocity field of ECM displacement is smooth in space and that ECM movements are correlated even at locations separated by several hundred micrometers. Velocity vectors, however, strongly fluctuate in time. The autocorrelation time of the velocity fluctuations is less than a minute. Suppression of the fluctuations yields a persistent movement pattern that is shared among embryos at equivalent stages of development. The high resolution of the velocity fields allows a detailed spatio-temporal characterization of important morphogenetic processes, especially tissue dynamics surrounding the embryonic organizer (Hensen’s node).

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“…For the nonreducible cross-link, a novel thioether crosslink was reported by Than et al (6) involving a methionine (Met 93 ) residue and a lysine (Lys 211 ) in the hPBM hexamer; the evidence was based on electron density maps at 1.9 Å suggesting the existence of both cross-linked and uncross-linked residues at this site. The existence of this novel thioether cross-link is surprising given that the NC1 hexamer of Hydra vulgaris collagen IV dissociates into both monomers and dimers but is devoid of the equivalent Met and Lys residues (12,13). Instead, it has glutamate residues at these positions.…”

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confidence: 98%

The α1.α2 Network of Collagen IV

Vanacore

Shanmugasundararaj

Friedman

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Collagen IV is a major protein component of basement membranes, a specialized form of extracellular matrix underlying epithelia that compartmentalizes tissues and provides molecular signals for influencing cell behavior. The collagen IV family is composed of six ␣-chains (␣1 to ␣6) that assemble into three kinds of triple-helical protomers (1). Each protomer has three functional domains, a 7S domain at the N terminus, a long triple-helical collagenous domain in the middle of the molecule, and a noncollagenous (NC1) 1 domain trimer at the C terminus. Protomers self-assemble into networks by end-to-end associations that connect four molecules at the N terminus, forming a 7S tetramer, and two molecules at the C terminus, forming a NC1 domain hexamer (1). Three types of networks are known: an ␣1.␣2 network present in the basement membranes of all metazoa and an ␣3.␣4.␣5 network and an ␣1.␣2-␣5.␣6 network that have restricted distributions. The networks are essential for tissue function, because they provide mechanical stability, provide a scaffold for assembly of other macromolecules, and serve as ligands for integrins (1-3).The NC1 domain plays a pivotal role in the assembly of distinct networks. The specificity for chain selection is governed by recognition sequences encoded within NC1 domains of the respective six ␣-chains (4, 5). In protomer assembly, the NC1 domains (monomers) of three chains interact, forming an NC1 trimer, to select and register chains for triple-helix formation. In network assembly, the NC1 trimers of two protomers interact, forming an NC1 hexamer structure, to select and connect protomers. This trimer-trimer interface is stabilized by a putative covalent cross-link, which may exist in all three collagen IV networks (6).The existence of cross-links (reducible and nonreducible) was first proposed from studies of the NC1 hexamer isolated by collagenase digestion of ␣1.␣2 collagen IV networks of human placenta, aorta, and mouse tumor (7,8). Upon exposure to acidic pH or denaturants, the NC1 hexamer dissociates into monomers and dimers, the later reflecting the cross-links. Subsequent studies of ␣1.␣2, ␣3.␣4.␣5, and ␣1.␣2-␣5.␣6 collagen IV networks have shown that the cross-links connect ␣1-like monomers (␣1-␣1, ␣1-␣5, and ␣3-␣5) and ␣2-like monomers (␣2-␣2, ␣2-␣6, and ␣4-␣4) (9, 10). For two decades, the reducible dimers were thought to be disulfide-linked monomers (7, 11). However, the recent x-ray crystal structures of the NC1 hexamers of bovine lens capsule basement membrane (LBM) and human placenta basement membrane (hPBM), determined * This work was supported in part by Grants DK18381 (to B. G. H.), DK065123 (to B. G. H.), DK62524 (to M. S.), and RR017806 (to D. B. F) from the National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.The atomic coordinates and structure factors (codes 1T60 and...

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Extracellular matrix (mesoglea) of Hydra vulgaris

Cited by 92 publications

References 52 publications

Dynamic interactions within the host-associated microbiota cause tumor formation in the basal metazoan Hydra

Dynamic interactions within the host-associated microbiota cause tumor formation in the basal metazoan Hydra

Extracellular matrix fluctuations during early embryogenesis

The α1.α2 Network of Collagen IV

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