“…Driven by the possibility to create either a highly charged surface and multiple functional groups or hydrophobic surfaces, biochar is emerging as an effective and safe natural adsorbent that can capture CO 2 229 and remove diverse organic contaminants 152 (e.g., antibiotics, aromatic dyes, agrochemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and inorganic contaminants (e.g., phosphate, ammonia, sulfide, and heavy metals) from solid, aqueous, and/or gaseous media. 137 , 230 , 231 , 232 As a soil amendment, it can improve plant productivity and photosynthesis rate by enhancing the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, 233 thereby contributing to C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and mitigating climate change. 234 Biochar addition to agricultural soils has improved soil water availability, water holding capacity, and nutrient availability, 235 , 236 , 237 increased soil microbial biomass and activity, 238 reduced risk of crust formation and soil erosion, 239 enhanced antibacterial activity, 240 and reduced mobility and toxicity of environmental pollutants in the soil.…”