Extracellular Replication of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>in the Murine Gall Bladder

Hardy, Jonathan; Francis, Kevin P.; DeBoer, Monica; Chu, Pauline; Gibbs, Karine A.; Contag, Christopher H.

doi:10.1126/science.1092712

Cited by 236 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A recent report using in vivo bioluminescence imaging took advantage of an L. monocytogenes expressing a luxkan transposon cassette. This study elegantly demonstrated active extracellular bacterial growth and replication in the gall bladder for several days after oral and intravenous infection of mice [27]. This surprising result suggests that the gall bladder promotes bacterial growth and systemic colonization, whatever the route of infection.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Route And Dose Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Mini‐review: Presentation of pathogen‐derived antigens in vivo

Lauvau

Glaichenhaus

2004

Eur J Immunol

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Most intracellular pathogens induce robust T cell responses upon infection of mammalian hosts. In most cases, these T cell responses are protective and result in pathogen clearance. It is therefore important to determine how T cells are primed and how they differentiate into cytokine-secreting and/or cytotoxic effector cells. In contrast to B cells, which recognize soluble Ag, CD8 + and CD4 + T cells react to Ag-derived peptides bound to MHC I or MHC II molecules, respectively. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms by which pathogen-derived Ag become available for presentation is necessary to understand how pathogens trigger T cell responses in vivo. Although many excellent reviews have focused on the mechanisms involved in Ag processing, very few have pointed to the specificity of host-pathogen interactions. In this respect, it should be noticed that these interactions are very different from one pathogen to another, and may result in the involvement of different cells and molecules. Because of space limitations, we have decided to focus this review on two intracellular pathogens -vaccinia virus and Listeria monocytogenes. We have chosen these two pathogens because they both induce a strong CD8 + T cell response and because they have been extensively studied by both microbiologists and immunologists.

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Section: The Importance Of the Route And Dose Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Mini‐review: Presentation of pathogen‐derived antigens in vivo

Lauvau

Glaichenhaus

2004

Eur J Immunol

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“…This is exemplified by the decrease in luminescence that has been observed when many luxexpressing bacterial species, such as Bifidobacterium, 38 enter stationary phase during in vitro growth. [46][47][48] Bioluminescent bacteria have been used extensively to study a diverse range of biological processes such as infection, 49 quorum sensing 50 and gene expression. 51 However, the employment of luciferase or lux tagged bacterial strains as gene delivery vehicles for the treatment of cancer is an emerging field.…”

Section: Bioluminescence Imaging (Bli)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, a number of researchers have described attenuation in lux-and GFPexpressing strains. 47,[75][76][77] Maximizing reporter expression. Bacterial reporter gene expression is exquisitely dependent on transcriptional and translational signals.…”

Section: Instrumentation For Oimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vectors for imaging and cancer gene therapy: a review

et al. 2012

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The significant burden of resistance to conventional anticancer treatments in patients with advanced disease has prompted the need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. The challenge for oncology researchers is to identify a therapy which is selective for tumors with limited toxicity to normal tissue. Engineered bacteria have the unique potential to overcome traditional therapies' limitations by specifically targeting tumors. It has been shown that bacteria are naturally capable of homing to tumors when systemically administered resulting in high levels of replication locally, either external to (non-invasive species) or within tumor cells (pathogens). Pre-clinical and clinical investigations involving bacterial vectors require relevant means of monitoring vector trafficking and levels over time, and development of bacterial-specific real-time imaging modalities are key for successful development of clinical bacterial gene delivery. This review discusses the currently available imaging technologies and the progress to date exploiting these for monitoring of bacterial gene delivery in vivo.Cancer Gene Therapy ( INTRODUCTIONAlthough the potential anti-cancer effects of acquired bacterial infection have been evident for over 120 years and the presence of bacteria in excised tumors has been noted for over 60 years, 1 it is only in more recent times that the tumor-specific growth of bacteria has been considered for therapeutic purposes. While the precise mechanism(s) behind preferential bacterial tumor colonization remain poorly understood, this phenomenon must relate to unique tumor attributes that separate them from healthy tissues. Factors such as the irregular blood supply; local immune suppression; inflammation; and unique nutrient supply (e.g., purines) in tumors have been proposed to play a role. 2 Bacterial entry into the tumor environment is proposed to be facilitated by the leaky vasculature. Cancer cells are characterized by an aberrantly accelerated metabolism and proliferation leading to an imbalance of oxygen supply and consumption which is a major causative factor of tumor hypoxia. 3 The hypoxic nature of solid tumors enhances the growth of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. In addition, these areas with low oxygen and high interstitial pressure are considered to be an immunological sanctuary, where bacterial clearance mechanisms are greatly inhibited. 4 Necrotic regions are also rich in nutrients favoured by bacteria due to tumor cell turnover. However, tumor selective bacterial colonization now appears to be both bacterial species and tumor origin independent, since aerobic bacteria are also capable of colonising tumors, and even small tumors lacking an anaerobic center are colonised. See Figure 1 for proposed mechanisms.Invasive bacteria can internalize and replicate within tumor cells, while non-invasive bacteria grow externally to tumor cells, within the tumor micro-environment. 5 The tumor selective growth of bacteria has made them an attractive vehicle for the delivery of ...

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“…The focal signal observed in the lower thorax originated from the gallbladder. L. monocytogenes replicates in the lumen of this organ after either intravenous or oral infection (10). Miscarriage occurred in some animals in the 5 × 10 5 CFU group on day 4 postinfection (at E18).…”

Section: Bli Of Transplacental Infectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The construction of the bioluminescent L. monocytogenes strain 2C from the parental L. monocytogenes strain 10403S has been described (10). For a description of the strain, see Supplemental Methods online.…”

Section: In Vivo Blimentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of pregnant mice with Listeria monocytogenes induces fetal bradycardia

et al. 2012

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IntroductIon: Listeriosis is one of the most lethal bacterial diseases for fetuses and infants. however, pregnant women who get infected with Listeria may experience only mild symptoms, making the diagnosis difficult, even when the fetus is fatally infected. Methods: To reveal features of this infection, we conducted a multimodality imaging study of Listeria-induced miscarriage, using a pregnant mouse model. In this model, fetal morbidity and mortality can be observed in utero, noninvasively, and the timing and extent of infection can be carefully controlled. By employing in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), perinatal infections were localized over time such that a correlation of infection to outcome could be determined without the need to kill the animal subject. The morbidity and viability of fetuses were assessed with ultrasound, and fetal morphology was imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). results: The ultrasound revealed sustained fetal bradycardia, the slowing of the fetal heartbeat, in infected fetuses, with an association between slowed fetal heart rate and strong bioluminescent signal. dIscussIon: Uninfected fetuses showing no bioluminescent signal in the same uterine horn exhibited normal heartbeats. Thus, fetal bradycardia during infection was localized to the infected fetus and was not systemic or disseminated.

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Extracellular Replication ofListeria monocytogenesin the Murine Gall Bladder

Cited by 236 publications

References 15 publications

Mini‐review: Presentation of pathogen‐derived antigens in vivo

Mini‐review: Presentation of pathogen‐derived antigens in vivo

Bacterial vectors for imaging and cancer gene therapy: a review

Infection of pregnant mice with Listeria monocytogenes induces fetal bradycardia

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