“…Exosomes contain a complex mixture of miRs, mRNAs, and proteins, and their ability to traverse the intercellular space and to be taken up by neighboring cells is becoming increasingly recognized as an important mechanism for delivering genetic, epigenetic, or proteomic information from donor cells and effecting functional modifications in recipient cells. 11,19,60,61 Whereas most previous studies have focused on these mechanisms as they relate to exosomal pathways in cancer and immune cells, including HCCs, 15,17,18 emerging evidence from this and other laboratories has revealed that fibrogenic cells are also regulated by exosomal networks. 10,22,23,31,34 In addition to revealing that miR-199a-5p targets the CCN2 3 0 -UTR in the same cells as which it is produced, the studies reported here indicate that miR199a-5p is released from HSCs in exosomes and that exosomal miR-199a-5p concentrations reflect those of their producer cells, being expressed at high levels in exosomes from quiescent HSCs and at low levels in exosomes from activated HSCs.…”