Extracellular vesicles and pancreatitis: mechanisms, status and perspectives

Jia, Yuchen; Ding, Yixuan; Mei, Wentong; Wang, Yuting; Zheng, Zhi; Qu, Yuanxu; Li, Kuo; Li, Jia; Cao, Feng; Li, Fēi

doi:10.7150/ijbs.54858

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Recent studies suggest that extracellular miRs serve as ideal disease biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [ 131 ], inflammation [ 132 ], and pancreatitis [ 133 ]. These miRs can be detected in body fluids, such as blood [ 134 ], by applying a sensitive, cheap, and simple assay.…”

Section: Extracellular Mirs As Disease Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity

Kiran

Kumar

et al. 2021

Cells

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Obesity is characterized as a complex and multifactorial excess accretion of adipose tissue (AT) accompanied with alterations in the immune response that affects virtually all age and socioeconomic groups around the globe. The abnormal accumulation of AT leads to several metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD), low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), and cancer. AT is an endocrine organ composed of adipocytes and immune cells, including B-Cells, T-cells and macrophages. These immune cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines and crosstalk with adipokines to maintain metabolic homeostasis and low-grade chronic inflammation. A novel form of adipokines, microRNA (miRs), is expressed in many developing peripheral tissues, including ATs, T-cells, and macrophages, and modulates the immune response. miRs are essential for insulin resistance, maintaining the tumor microenvironment, and obesity-associated inflammation (OAI). The abnormal regulation of AT, T-cells, and macrophage miRs may change the function of different organs including the pancreas, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Since obesity and inflammation are closely associated, the dysregulated expression of miRs in inflammatory adipocytes, T-cells, and macrophages suggest the importance of miRs in OAI. Therefore, in this review article, we have elaborated the role of miRs as epigenetic regulators affecting adipocyte differentiation, immune response, AT browning, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Further, we will discuss a set of altered miRs as novel biomarkers for metabolic disease progression and therapeutic targets for obesity.

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Section: Extracellular Mirs As Disease Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity

Kiran

Kumar

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…1 a). In a previous study, exosomal miRNAs were extracted and examined using microarrays; 30 miRNAs were found to be upregulated in AP [ 1 ]. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that pancreatic acinar cells regulate macrophage activation by secreting exosomes carrying miRNAs.…”

Section: Application Of Exosomes In the Diagnosis Of Pancreatic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pancreatic diseases, such as acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatic cancer (PaCa), and diabetes, form a large category of complex diseases with high incidence and mortality. The global mortality rates associated with AP and CP are 1.60 and 0.09 per 100 000 individuals per year, respectively [ 1 ]. AP is the fifth most common cause of death of patients in hospitals, with an incidence rate of 34 per 100 000 individuals per year globally [ 2 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases

Han

Zhao

Yang³

et al. 2022

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Pancreatic diseases, a serious threat to human health, have garnered considerable research interest, as they are associated with a high mortality rate. However, owing to the uncertain etiology and complex pathophysiology, the treatment of pancreatic diseases is a challenge for clinicians and researchers. Exosomes, carriers of intercellular communication signals, play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Exosomes are involved in multiple stages of pancreatic disease development, including apoptosis, immune regulation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Thus, extensive alterations in the quantity and variety of exosomes may be indicative of abnormal biological behaviors of pancreatic cells. This phenomenon could be exploited for the development of exosomes as a new biomarker or target of new treatment strategies. Several studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomes in cancer and inflammatory pancreatic diseases. Herein, we introduce the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and discuss directions for future research and perspectives of their applications.

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“…Upon entering a cell, e.g., by endocytosis, late endosomes containing sEVs either fuse with lysosomes to recycle sEVs and their cargos, or release their content into the cytoplasm to trigger signaling pathways or transcriptional changes [ 21 ]. There is ample evidence that sEVs have vital functions in carcinogenesis and evolution of PDAC as well as in the pathogenesis of precancerous conditions of the pancreas, including pancreatitis or pancreatic fibrosis [ 49 , 50 ]. Indeed, sEVs were shown to promote the transformation of precancerous lesions, such as PanINs to PDAC.…”

Section: Overview: Small Extracellular Vesicles and Its Predominant Subgroup Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Cancer Small Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes): A Tale of Short- and Long-Distance Communication

Waldenmaier¹,

Seibold²,

Seufferlein³

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Even with all recent advances in cancer therapy, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The most prevalent tumor subtype is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs display an extensive crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME), e.g., pancreatic stellate cells, but also immune cells to regulate tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. In addition to crosstalk in the local TME, PDACs were shown to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches in different organs. Recent advances have attributed many of these interactions to intercellular communication by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). These nanovesicles are derived of endo-lysosomal structures (multivesicular bodies) with a size range of 30–150 nm. sEVs carry various bioactive cargos, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, or miRNAs and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to educate recipient cells. In addition to tumor formation, progression, and metastasis, sEVs were described as potent biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC. Advances in sEV engineering have further indicated that sEVs might once be used as effective drug carriers. Thus, extensive sEV-based communication and applications as platform for biomarker analysis or vehicles for treatment suggest a major impact of sEVs in future PDAC research.

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Extracellular vesicles and pancreatitis: mechanisms, status and perspectives

Cited by 16 publications

References 129 publications

Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity

Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity

Application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases

Pancreatic Cancer Small Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes): A Tale of Short- and Long-Distance Communication

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