Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Vehicles for Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Liver Diseases

Ferro, Arianna; Saccu, Gabriele; Mattivi, Simone; Gaido, Andrea; Herrera Sanchez, Maria Beatriz; Haque, Shafiul; Silengo, Lorenzo; Altruda, Fiorella; Durazzo, Marilena; Fagoonee, Sharmila

doi:10.3390/biom14030277

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 164 publications

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“…One essential requisite to be defined as biomarker is the non-invasiveness of the material sampling procedure. Thus, we further our research into potential RBP transcripts as biomarkers for PSC and CCA, by performing a bioinformatics analysis to investigate whether RBPs could be found differentially present in liver tissue and body fluids (as well as in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are considered as one of the optimal sources of biomarkers due to their biogenesis and the molecular information they carry from the source organs) ( Ferro et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

Ala,

Fagoonee

2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a persistent inflammatory liver condition that affects the bile ducts and is commonly diagnosed in young individuals. Despite efforts to incorporate various clinical, biochemical and molecular parameters for diagnosing PSC, it remains challenging, and no biomarkers characteristic of the disease have been identified hitherto. PSC is linked with an uncertain prognosis, and there is a pressing need to explore multiomics databases to establish a new biomarker panel for the early detection of PSC’s gradual progression into Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Apart from non-coding RNAs, other components of the Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, such as RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs), also hold great promise as biomarkers due to their versatile expression in pathological conditions. In the present review, an update on the RBP transcripts that show dysregulated expression in PSC and CCA is provided. Moreover, by utilizing a bioinformatic data mining approach, we give insight into those RBP transcripts that also exhibit differential expression in liver and gall bladder, as well as in body fluids, and are promising as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of PSC. Expression data were bioinformatically extracted from public repositories usingTCGA Bile Duct Cancer dataset for CCA and specific NCBI GEO datasets for both PSC and CCA; more specifically, RBPs annotations were obtained from RBP World database. Interestingly, our comprehensive analysis shows an elevated expression of the non-canonical RBPs, FANCD2, as well as the microtubule dynamics regulator, ASPM, transcripts in the body fluids of patients with PSC and CCA compared with their respective controls, with the same trend in expression being observed in gall bladder and liver cancer tissues. Consequently, the manipulation of tissue expression of RBP transcripts might be considered as a strategy to mitigate the onset of CCA in PSC patients, and warrants further experimental investigation. The analysis performed herein may be helpful in the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of PSC and for predicting its progression into CCA. In conclusion, future clinical research should investigate in more depth the full potential of RBP transcripts as biomarkers for human pathologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

Ala,

Fagoonee

2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The contribution of extracellular RNA and its derived biomaterials in disease management

Wei,

Wang,

Qin

et al. 2024

BMEMat

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The RNA found in the circular system is known as extracellular RNA (exRNA). This kind of RNA has been found to play a biological role similar to that of a messenger. They can be used as indicators of disease status or the physiological health of an organism. A large number of RNA‐based biomaterials have been developed by simulating the biological function and structure of natural RNA molecules. The structural programmability of RNA‐based biomaterials provides the spur for scientists to pioneer new approaches in disease detection and prevention. Nevertheless, the link between exRNA function and the design of RNA‐based biomaterials has not been fully understood. Understanding the biological structure and function of exRNA will contribute to the clinical translation of this novel biotechnology. The present review discusses the research progress associated with exRNA and their derivatives to bridge the gap between natural exRNA and RNA‐based biomaterials.

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Urinary exosomal microRNA-200 family: diagnostic biomarkers for Kawasaki disease and their link to inflammatory markers

Wang,

Sun,

2024

Cardiol Young

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Objective: The microRNA-200 family plays a key role in inflammatory and vascular processes, making it a relevant target for Kawasaki disease, a vasculitis with coronary complications. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of urinary exosomal microRNA-200 family members in Kawasaki disease patients. Methods: Urine samples from 15 Kawasaki disease patients and 15 healthy controls underwent total exosome isolation and high-throughput sequencing. Differential expression of microRNA-200 family members was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Diagnostic potential was assessed via receiver operating characteristic analysis, and correlations with clinical parameters were evaluated using Spearman correlation. Results: High-throughput sequencing identified upregulation of microRNA-429, microRNA-200b-3p/5p, microRNA-141-3p, microRNA-200a-3p/5p, and microRNA-200c-3p in Kawasaki disease patients. We confirmed significant upregulation of microRNA-200a-3p/5p, microRNA-200b-3p/5p, and microRNA-429, with receiver operating characteristic analysis showing high diagnostic potential for these microRNAs (area under the curves of 0.844, 0.791, 0.942, 0.842, and 0.898, respectively) and a combined analysis yielding a perfect area under the curve of 1.000. MicroRNA-141 and microRNA-200c-3p/5p, however, showed no significant diagnostic value. MicroRNA-200a-3p and microRNA-200a-5p were positively correlated with white blood cells, platelet counts, and C-reactive protein, while microRNA-200b-3p and microRNA-429 were positively correlated with white blood cells, platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. microRNA-200b-5p showed moderate correlations with platelet counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusion: Urinary exosomal microRNA-200 family members, especially microRNA-200a-3p/5p, microRNA-200b-3p/5p, and microRNA-429, demonstrate strong diagnostic potential for Kawasaki disease, correlating with key inflammatory markers. MicroRNA-141 and microRNA-200c did not demonstrate significant diagnostic utility.

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Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Vehicles for Non-Coding RNAs: Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Liver Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 164 publications

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

The contribution of extracellular RNA and its derived biomaterials in disease management

Urinary exosomal microRNA-200 family: diagnostic biomarkers for Kawasaki disease and their link to inflammatory markers

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