Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how?

Elsharkasy, Omnia M.; Nordin, Joel Z.; Hagey, Daniel W.; Jong, Olivier G. de; Schiffelers, Raymond M.; Andaloussi, Samir El; Vader, Pieter

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.004

Cited by 798 publications

(614 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The size of microvesicles is variable, reaching up to 1 micrometer, produced by outward budding of the cell membrane, whereas apoptotic bodies are produced from the cell membrane’s fragmentation when cells undergo apoptosis. Usually, EVs within size range 50–300 nm are used for studies referring to them as ‘exosomes’ [ 7 ]. However, due to lack of sufficient biomarkers and overlap in size-range, it is difficult to discriminate between the types of vesicles.…”

Section: Principal Concepts About Therapeutic Mirna-enriched Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects

Munir

Yoon

Ryu

2020

Cells

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–300 nm vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells. They can carry cargo (including miRNA) from the donor cell to the recipient cell. miRNAs in EVs can change the translational profile of the recipient cell and modulate cellular morphology. This endogenous mechanism has attracted the attention of the drug-delivery community in the last few years. EVs can be enriched with exogenous therapeutic miRNAs and used for treatment of diseases by targeting pathological recipient cells. However, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed before introducing therapeutic miRNA-enriched EVs in clinics. Here, we focused on the progress in the field of therapeutic miRNA enriched EVs, highlighted important areas where research is needed, and discussed the potential to use them as therapeutic miRNA carriers in the future.

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Section: Principal Concepts About Therapeutic Mirna-enriched Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects

Munir

Yoon

Ryu

2020

Cells

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“…Compared to artificial drug vehicles, such as liposomes, EVs are favored drug carriers [ 118 ] because of their autologous nature that would prevent undesired immunogenicity and toxicity [ 119 , 120 ]. sEVs also possess high capacity of homing toward tumor cells when compared to liposomes [ 62 , 121 ], implying that sEVs are more efficient in delivering drugs for cancer therapy.…”

Section: Evs As Drug Carriers In Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Cancer Therapeutics

Sun

Burrola

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-delimited nanoparticles released from all types of cells examined thus far. Several groups of EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, have been identified according to their size and biogenesis. With extensive investigations on EVs over the last decade, it is now recognized that EVs play a pleiotropic role in various physiological processes as well as pathological conditions through mediating intercellular communication. Most notably, EVs have been shown to be involved in cancer initiation and progression and EV signaling in cancer are viewed as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, as membrane nanoparticles, EVs are natural products with some of them, such as tumor exosomes, possessing tumor homing propensity, thus leading to strategies utilizing EVs as drug carriers to effectively deliver cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent reports on exploring EVs signaling as potential therapeutic targets in cancer as well as on developing EVs as therapeutic delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Findings from preclinical studies are primarily discussed, with early phase clinical trials reviewed. We hope to provide readers updated information on the development of EVs as cancer therapeutic targets or therapeutic carriers.

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“…Importantly, EVs, especially exosomes, have great potential as drug delivery vehicles. They are suitable for delivering therapeutic agents due to their natural properties, including material transportation, stability in circulation, relatively long half-lives, and excellent biocompatibility 224 . For instance, EV-based drug formulations offer a powerful and novel delivery platform for anti-cancer and -inflammation therapy 225 - 227 .…”

Section: Therapeutic Approaches Of Evs In Inflammatory Skin Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles in Inflammatory Skin Disorders: from Pathophysiology to Treatment

Shao¹,

Fang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally secreted by almost all known cell types into extracellular space, can transfer their bioactive cargos of nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells, mediating cell-cell communication. Thus, they participate in many pathogenic processes including immune regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, among others. Cumulative evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs on the initiation and progression of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In dermatology, recent studies indicate that EVs play key immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and wound healing. Importantly, EVs can be used as biomarkers of pathophysiological states and/or therapeutic agents, both as carriers of drugs or even as a drug by themselves. In this review, we will summarize current research advances of EVs from different cells and their implications in inflammatory skin disorders, and further discuss their future applications, updated techniques, and challenges in clinical translational medicine.

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Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how?

Cited by 798 publications

References 115 publications

Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects

Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects

Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of Cancer Therapeutics

Extracellular vesicles in Inflammatory Skin Disorders: from Pathophysiology to Treatment

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