Extracellular vesicles as potential tools for regenerative therapy

Rodríguez-Navarro, José Antonio; Pascual-Guerra, Jorge; Sacristán, Silvia; Nogales, M.; Fafián-Labora, Juan; O’Loghlen, Ana

doi:10.1080/23723556.2020.1809958

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Translational challenges. There are a few challenges that need to be overcome before sEVs can become a viable treatment for ageing: further characterisation of the cargo responsible, identification of the source of the sEVs, purity of sEVs from current isolation methods, routes/mode of administration, and chronic viability (Rodriguez-Navarro et al, 2020). For example, of the studies highlighted in this section, the doses of sEVs used varied between a fixed number, specific protein concentrations or sEVs isolated from fixed volume of plasma.…”

Section: Small Extracellular Vesicles As Systemic Mediators Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles

McIlvenna

Whitham

2022

The Journal of Physiology

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released from most cells in the body and act as intercellular messengers transferring information in their cargo to affect cellular function. A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of EVs, referred to here as ‘small extracellular vesicles’ (sEVs), can accelerate or slow the processes of ageing and age‐related diseases dependent on their molecular cargo and cellular origin. Continued exploration of the vast complexity of the sEV cargo aims to further characterise these systemic vehicles that may be targeted to ameliorate age‐related pathologies. Marked progress in the development of mass spectrometry‐based technologies means that it is now possible to characterise a significant proportion of the proteome of sEVs (surface and cargo) via unbiased proteomics. This information is vital for identifying biomarkers and the development of sEV‐based therapeutics in the context of ageing. Although exercise and physical activity are prominent features in maintaining health in advancing years, the mechanisms responsible are unclear. A potential mechanism by which plasma sEVs released during exercise could influence ageing and senescence is via the increased delivery of cargo proteins that function as antioxidant enzymes or inhibitors of senescence. These have been observed to increase in sEVs following acute and chronic exercise, as identified via independent interrogation of high coverage, publicly available proteomic datasets. Establishing tropism and exchange of functionally active proteins by these processes represents a promising line of enquiry in implicating sEVs as biologically relevant mediators of the ageing process. image

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Section: Small Extracellular Vesicles As Systemic Mediators Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles

McIlvenna

Whitham

2022

The Journal of Physiology

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“…sEVs containing interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) from senescent cells were partially responsible for inducing paracrine senescence [26]. By contrast, sEVs from proliferative cells can ameliorate the senescence signature in in vivo and in vitro models through antioxidant enzymes such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and glutathione Stransferase Mu 2 (GSTM2), important regulators of NAD biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism, respectively (Table 1) [9,48,49]. The mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 and 4 (SMAD3/4) transmissions in a paracrine way through sEVs rejuvenated aging hippocampal neural stem cells [50].…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Mechanisms of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammaging

Mato-Basalo

Lucio-Gallego

Alarcón-Veleiro

et al. 2022

Life

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The accumulation process of proinflammatory components in the body due to aging influences intercellular communication and is known as inflammaging. This biological mechanism relates the development of inflammation to the aging process. Recently, it has been reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are mediators in the transmission of paracrine senescence involved in inflammatory aging. For this reason, their components, as well as mechanisms of action of sEVs, are relevant to develop a new therapy called senodrugs (senolytics and senomorphic) that regulates the intercellular communication of inflammaging. In this review, we include the most recent and relevant studies on the role of sEVs in the inflammatory aging process and in age-related diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes.

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“…Due to this variability, the vesicles have distinct roles in brain diseases, whether they are deleterious or protective ( Kučuk et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). For example, small EVs from young cells are able to rejuvenate different tissues in old mice and their role as a tool for the delivery of specific therapies is being thoroughly investigated ( Kumar et al, 2020 ; Rodriguez-Navarro et al, 2020 ). Regarding the EV’s relationship to glycation, RAGE is enriched in plasma EVs derived from neurons, and different AGEs precursors (such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal) have been proposed as biomarkers of neurodegeneration due to their presence in neuronal derived EVs ( Haddad et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Glycative Stress and Neuroprotective Role Of Autophagy In Neurons-glia Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration

Gómez

Perini-Villanueva

Yuste

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Autophagy is a fine-tuned proteolytic pathway that moves dysfunctional/aged cellular components into the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Over the last 3 decades, global research has provided evidence for the protective role of autophagy in different brain cell components. Autophagic capacities decline with age, which contributes to the accumulation of obsolete/damaged organelles and proteins and, ultimately, leads to cellular aging in brain tissues. It is thus well-accepted that autophagy plays an essential role in brain homeostasis, and malfunction of this catabolic system is associated with major neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy function can be modulated by different types of stress, including glycative stress. Glycative stress is defined as a cellular status with abnormal and accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It occurs in hyperglycemic states, both through the consumption of high-sugar diets or under metabolic conditions such as diabetes. In recent years, glycative stress has gained attention for its adverse impact on brain pathology. This is because glycative stress stimulates insoluble, proteinaceous aggregation that is linked to the malfunction of different neuropathological proteins. Despite the emergence of new literature suggesting that autophagy plays a major role in fighting glycation-derived damage by removing cytosolic AGEs, excessive glycative stress might also negatively impact autophagic function. In this mini-review, we provide insight on the status of present knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in brain physiology and pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the cytoprotective role of autophagic function to ameliorate the adverse effects of glycation-derived damage in neurons, glia, and neuron-glia interactions.

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Extracellular vesicles as potential tools for regenerative therapy

Abstract: Small extracellular vesicles released by fibroblasts from young human donors diminish lipid peroxidation in senescent cells and in different old mice organs due to their enrichment in Glutathione-S-transferase Mu lipid antioxidant activity.

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles

Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles

Action Mechanisms of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammaging

Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration

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