Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases: Meeting Report from the International Liver Congress 2018

Feldstein, Ariel E.; Sänger, Hanna; Lukacs‐Kornek, Veronika; Szabó, Gyöngyi; Kornek, Miroslaw

doi:10.1002/hep4.1300

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Oncosomes, a third subtype of EVs, may eventually surpass them in size (up to 10 µm in diameter). Some EV markers have been postulated to be able to distinguish between small and large EVs, including CD63, HSP70, CD9, CD81 and integrins [80,81]. Nonetheless, it should be noted that the border of distinction between these EV populations is not sharp but rather fluent [78].…”

Section: Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Are We Winning?

Mocan

Simão

Castro

et al. 2020

JCM

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. One of the major problems faced by researchers and clinicians in this area is the lack of reliable disease biomarkers, which would allow for an earlier diagnosis, follow-up or prediction of treatment response, among others. In this regard, the “HCC circulome”, defined as the pool of circulating molecules in the bloodstream derived from the primary tumor, represents an appealing target, the so called liquid biopsy. Such molecules encompass circulating tumor proteins, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), and circulating tumor nucleic acids, namely circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA). In this article, we summarize recent findings highlighting the promising role of liquid biopsies as novel potential biomarkers in HCC, emphasizing on its clinical performance.

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Section: Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Are We Winning?

Mocan

Simão

Castro

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Microvesicles (MVs) have a diameter of 50-1000 nm and originate from the plasma membrane by budding and fission, followed by release into the extracellular space [15,23]. MVs contain a subset of cell surface proteins depending on the composition of the parental plasma membrane [26,27]. Apoptotic bodies have a diameter of 100-5000 nm, originate from the budding of cell membranes, and may contain nuclear material, which is quickly phagocytosed during programmed cell death [15,28].…”

Section: General Concepts Of Evs In the Liver: Evs Biogenesis Secretmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs have been studied as potential biomarkers of liver injury in the settings of ALD, NAFLD, drug-induced liver disease, and cholangiopathies [13,27,55,56], as well as being considered diagnostic tools for liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) [19,56]. In this regard, determination of the number of circulating EVs and nucleic-acid based, lipid-based, and protein-based diagnostics have been applied to measure EVs enriched in liver-derived DNA, microRNAs, lipids, or proteins [13,27]. However, before implementing EV-based biomarkers in clinical settings, standardization of sample processing (e.g., collection, transportation, storage, and handling) and assay systems is needed, as well as large replicative studies to allow EV molecular signatures to be conclusively linked to specific liver diseases.…”

Section: Evs As Biomarkers In Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in NAFLD/ALD: From Pathobiology to Therapy

Hernández

Arab

Reyes

et al. 2020

Cells

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In recent years, knowledge on the biology and pathobiology of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has exploded. EVs are submicron membrane-bound structures secreted from different cell types containing a wide variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (coding and non-coding RNA) and mitochondrial DNA). EVs have important functions in cell-to-cell communication and are found in a wide variety of tissues and body fluids. Better delineation of EV structures and advances in the isolation and characterization of their cargo have allowed the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these particles to be explored. In the field of liver diseases, EVs are emerging as key players in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, and their complications, including development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In these diseases, stressed/damaged hepatocytes release large quantities of EVs that contribute to the occurrence of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and angiogenesis, which are key pathobiological processes in liver disease progression. Moreover, the specific molecular signatures of released EVs in biofluids have allowed EVs to be considered as promising candidates to serve as disease biomarkers. Additionally, different experimental studies have shown that EVs may have potential for therapeutic use as a liver-specific delivery method of different agents, taking advantage of their hepatocellular uptake through interactions with specific receptors. In this review, we focused on the most recent findings concerning the role of EVs as new structures mediating autocrine and paracrine intercellular communication in both ALD and NAFLD, as well as their potential use as biomarkers of disease severity and progression. Emerging therapeutic applications of EVs in these liver diseases were also examined, along with the potential for successful transition from bench to clinic.

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“…These membrane-bound nanoparticles are secreted by a variety of cell types in a living organism and are known to carry cargoes such as proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and lipids, which mediate complex cell-cell communications. The specific nature of EV-derived cargo has led to an immense interest in using EV as a tool for disease diagnosis and as a target for therapeutic intervention (Banales et al, 2019;Soekmadji et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular vesicles (EV), first described over four decades ago ( Chargaff and West, 1946 ; Wolf, 1967 ), have now gained recognition as an important mediator of intercellular communication in chronic liver disease (CLD) ( Ramakrishnaiah et al., 2013 ; Hirsova et al., 2016 ; Devhare et al., 2017 ; Banales et al., 2019 ). These membrane-bound nanoparticles are secreted by a variety of cell types in a living organism and are known to carry cargoes such as proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and lipids, which mediate complex cell-cell communications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%