2017
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00851
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Extracellular Vesicles Transfer the Receptor Programmed Death-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract: IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as route of communication in the microenvironment. They transfer proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) between cells, and possess immunoregulatory properties. However, their role in immune-mediated diseases remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized a role for EVs in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint, potentially involving the development of T cell exhaustion and transfer of the co-inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1).MethodsSynovial fluid monon… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…It may be interesting to note that membrane proteins bared at the surface of EVs may become surface receptors upon EV fusion with the recipient cells' membrane and have functional implications [57]. In the case of MFGE8, such a transfer would confer the ability to recipient cells to link integrin αvβ3-5 and modulate immune and inflammatory processes [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Similarly, the relatively high enrichment of integrin ITGAV in 100K milk EVs suggest the possible enhanced internalization of milk exosomes harboring it [34] by gastrointestinal tissues and cells that are enriched in the ITGAV ligand vitronectin (GeneAtlas, U133A, gcrma) [68].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It may be interesting to note that membrane proteins bared at the surface of EVs may become surface receptors upon EV fusion with the recipient cells' membrane and have functional implications [57]. In the case of MFGE8, such a transfer would confer the ability to recipient cells to link integrin αvβ3-5 and modulate immune and inflammatory processes [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Similarly, the relatively high enrichment of integrin ITGAV in 100K milk EVs suggest the possible enhanced internalization of milk exosomes harboring it [34] by gastrointestinal tissues and cells that are enriched in the ITGAV ligand vitronectin (GeneAtlas, U133A, gcrma) [68].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid membrane vesicles 6 that carry bioactive proteins, cytokines and RNA, are involved in cell-to-cell communications 6,7 and are associated with cancer and inflammation 8,9 . They are found in all biological fluids, with milk being the most enriched in EVs 10 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…50 MiR-30e-5p, which we found to be decreased in plasma EVs in PsA vs. PsC, has previously been shown to be significantly decreased in extracellular vesicles from PBMCs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy individuals. 51 MiR-30e-5p directly suppresses BMI1, an activator of the NF-jB pathway whose deficiency has been shown to inhibit an NF-jBmediated mouse model of arthritis in vivo 52,53 ; another direct target with potential relevance to PsA is LRP6, a co-receptor in the Wnt pathway associated with bone homeostasis and joint inflammation. 54,55 Interestingly, miR-30e-5p levels showed a trend towards negative correlation with the severity of PsA, further supporting an association of decreased circulating miR-30e-5p levels with PsA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%