2019
DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0024
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Extrachromosomal Circular DNAs: An Extra Piece of Evidence to Depict Tumor Heterogeneity

Abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a heterogeneous number and type of cellular and noncellular components that vary in the context of molecular, genomic and epigenomic levels. The genotypic diversity and plasticity within cancer cells are known to be affected by genomic instability and genome alterations. Besides genomic instability within the chromosomal linear DNA, an extra factor appears in the form of extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs; 2–20 kbp) and microDNAs (200–400 bp). This extra heteroge… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(24 citation statements)
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References 50 publications
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“…DNA replication stress), exogenous stress (e.g. carcinogens and pathogens) and aberrations in the DNA damage repair machinery [ 19 ]. Both ecDNA and homogeneously staining regions (HSR) of chromosomes can be formed through gene transcription and dramatically increase the complexity and plasticity of the genome [ 20 22 ].…”
Section: The Biological Features Of Ecdnamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…DNA replication stress), exogenous stress (e.g. carcinogens and pathogens) and aberrations in the DNA damage repair machinery [ 19 ]. Both ecDNA and homogeneously staining regions (HSR) of chromosomes can be formed through gene transcription and dramatically increase the complexity and plasticity of the genome [ 20 22 ].…”
Section: The Biological Features Of Ecdnamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent studies have demonstrated fundamental roles of ecDNA in cancer in modulating cell growth [ 15 , 19 , 39 ], metastasis/invasion [ 40 , 41 ], autophagy [ 42 , 43 ], DNA damage repair [ 34 , 35 ], drug response [ 40 , 44 ] and clinical outcome [ 15 , 41 ] (Fig. 3 ).…”
Section: The Oncogenic Functions Of Ecdnamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Meanwhile, the amplification of ecDNA‐based oncogene enables tumors to quickly acquire and maintain intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, signifying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution 3,4 . Tumor heterogeneity plays an important part in promoting tumor progression and treatment resistance 73 . The heterogeneity provides a pool of mutable DNA for tumors, which may help tumors adapt to the environment under different pressures 74 .…”
Section: The Impact Of Ecdna On Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1); this uneven segregation accelerates cancer progression in changing environments [20,21]. The characteristics of circular DNA show its primary effects on the expression of cancer-relevant genes in tumorigenesis, indicating that it is a powerful driver of intratumoral heterogeneity and progression, independent of chromosomal DNA alterations [22]. In this review, we focused exclusively on extrachromosomal circular DNA and its substantial tumor-regulating roles in cancer pathogenesis (Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%