Extracorporeal Complexation and Haemodialysis for the Treatment of Cadmium Poisoning. I. Effects of Four Chelators on the <i>in Vitro</i> Elimination of Cadmium from Human Blood

Sheabar, Fayad Z.; Yannai, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1989.tb00642.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Apart from symptomatic treatment, treatment of acute toxicity consists of trying to eliminate Cd using metal chelators such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) given by intravenous infusion to increase its urinary excretion (Dreisbach 1983), or if toxicity is so severe that renal function is impaired, i.v. EDTA during hemodialysis to remove it in the dialysate (Sheabar and Yannai 1989); oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) can also be used (Jones et al 1988). However, these forms of treatment are often of only limited benefit.…”

Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney

2010

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The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to be a widespread environmental contaminant and a potential toxin that may adversely affect human health. Exposure is largely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts; important non-industrial sources of exposure are cigarette smoke and food (from contaminated soil and water). The kidney is the main organ affected by chronic Cd exposure and toxicity. Cd accumulates in the kidney as a result of its preferential uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis of freely filtered and metallothionein bound Cd (Cd-MT) in the renal proximal tubule. Internalised Cd-MT is degraded in endosomes and lysosomes, releasing free Cd(2+) into the cytosol, where it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate cell death pathways. An early and sensitive manifestation of chronic Cd renal toxicity, which can be useful in individual and population screening, is impaired reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) (also a receptor-mediated process in the proximal tubule) such as retinol binding protein (RBP). This so-called 'tubular proteinuria' is a good index of proximal tubular damage, but it is not usually detected by routine clinical dipstick testing for proteinuria. Continued and heavy Cd exposure can progress to the clinical renal Fanconi syndrome, and ultimately to renal failure. Environmental Cd exposure may be a significant contributory factor to the development of chronic kidney disease, especially in the presence of other co-morbidities such as diabetes or hypertension; therefore, the sources and environmental impact of Cd, and efforts to limit Cd exposure, justify more attention.

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Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney

2010

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“…This study proved that EDTA was the most efficient agent, with GSH being the second (Sheabar & Yannai 1989). This study proved that EDTA was the most efficient agent, with GSH being the second (Sheabar & Yannai 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…An earlier in vitro study showed that Cd in the blood could be removed by addition of low molecular weight complexing agents having high affinity for it (e.g., EDTA, GSH, citrate or DMSA) combined with haemodialysis. This study proved that EDTA was the most efficient agent, with GSH being the second (Sheabar & Yannai 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In vitro experiments have shown the usefulness of haemodialysis against low molecular weight complexing agents solutions (e.g., EDTA and GSH) (Sheabar & Yannai 1989). The present study was carried out to test the in vivo applicability of complexation followed by haemodialysis of Cd, with a view to minimizing the exposure of the patient to the chelating agents and the chelates, by facilitating a faster rate of Cd elimination.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Extracorporeal Complexation Haemodialysis for the Treatment of Cadmium Poisoning. II. In Vivo Mobilization and Removal

Yannai

Taitelman

1989

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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The purpose of this study was to apply our earlier in vitro findings for extracorporeal complexation combined with haemodialysis to in vivo conditions, for the enhancement of cadmium (Cd) removal from dogs. The results showed that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutathione (GSH) and combination of the two agents (EDTA + GSH) facilitated efficient elimination of cadmium. GSH, EDTA and EDTA + GSH treatments brought about the clearance of 2.2, 14.7 and 18.2 micrograms Cd/kg body weight/hr haemodialysis, respectively. Treatment with EDTA + GSH brought about the most rapid extravascular redistribution of the metal.

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Toxicology of Cadmium and Its Damage to Mammalian Organs

Thévenod

Lee

2012

Metal Ions in Life Sciences

162

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The detrimental health effects of cadmium (Cd) were first described in the mid 19th century. As part of industrial developments, increasing usage of Cd has led to widespread contamination of the environment that threatens human health, particularly today. Rather than acute, lethal exposures, the real challenge in the 21st century in a global setting seems to be chronic low Cd exposure (CLCE), mainly from dietary sources. Ubiquity of Cd makes it a serious environmental health problem that needs to be thoroughly assessed because it already affects or will affect large proportions of the world's population. CLCE is a health problem that affects increasingly organ toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity, without a known threshold, implying that there is currently no safe limit for CLCE. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge on the sources of Cd in the environment, describe the entry pathways for Cd into mammalian organisms, sum up the major organs targeted by acute or chronic Cd exposure and review the impact of Cd on organ function and human health. We also aim to put early pioneering studies on Cd poisoning into perspective in the context of recent ground-breaking prospective long-term population studies, which link CLCE to leading causes of diseases in modern societies - cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, and of state-of-the-art studies detailing cellular and molecular mechanisms of acute and chronic Cd toxicity.

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Extracorporeal Complexation and Haemodialysis for the Treatment of Cadmium Poisoning. I. Effects of Four Chelators on the in Vitro Elimination of Cadmium from Human Blood

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney

Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney

Extracorporeal Complexation Haemodialysis for the Treatment of Cadmium Poisoning. II. In Vivo Mobilization and Removal

Toxicology of Cadmium and Its Damage to Mammalian Organs

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