Extracranial Metastases of a Glioblastoma Multiforme

Wisiol, Erich S.; Handler, Seymour; French, Lyle A.

doi:10.3171/jns.1962.19.3.0186

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…8,25 The presence of extraneural metastases is defined by criteria set forth by Weiss et al 26 , which include: 1) the metastatic lesion must have the same histologic characteristics of the CNS neoplasm; 2) the clinical course suggests that the first symptoms were caused by the CNS lesion; 3) a complete autopsy must have been performed and reported in sufficient detail to rule out the possibility of any other primary site; and 4) the morphology of the tumor of the CNS and of the distant metastases must have been identical with due allowance for differences in degrees of anaplasia. 24 In patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, the organs affected by extraneural metastases include the pleura and/or lung (60%), lymph nodes (51%), bones (31%), and liver (22%). 8 Of the cases of skeletal metastases, the vertebral spine (73%), ribs (23%), sternum (18%), skull (14%), and acetabulum (9%) are the most common sites for GBMs to metastasize 18,27 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraneural Glioblastoma Multiforme Vertebral Metastasis

et al. 2016

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor; however, extraneural metastasis is uncommon. Of those that metastasize extraneurally, metastases to the vertebral bodies represent a significant proportion. We present a review of 28 cases from the published literature of GBM metastasis to the vertebra. The mean age at presentation was 38.4 years with an average overall survival of 26 months. Patients were either asymptomatic with metastasis discovered at autopsy or presented with varying degrees of pain, weakness of the extremities, or other neurologic deficits. Of the cases that included the time to spinal metastasis, the average time was 26.4 months with a reported survival of 10 months after diagnosis of vertebral metastasis. A significant number of patients had no treatments for their spinal metastasis, although the intracranial lesions were treated extensively with surgery and/or adjuvant therapy. With increasing incremental gains in the survival of patients with GBM, clinicians will encounter patients with extracranial metastasis. As such, this review presents timely information concerning the presentation and outcomes of patients with vertebral metastasis.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Nevertheless, glial tissue has demonstrated that it can survive outside of the CNS via inadvertent implantation at the time of surgery or through allogeneic organ transplants. 24 The ability of glial tissue to survive extraneurally depends primarily on the immunological properties of the host tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraneural Glioblastoma Multiforme Vertebral Metastasis

et al. 2016

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“…The coincidence between craniotomy and distant metastases was documented by some authors [6,10]. Others reported bone metastases only after radiation therapy [2,6,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glioblastoma multiforme with bone metastase and cauda equina syndrome

et al. 1990

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Remote metastases, leptomeningeal dissemination and spreading of the tumor by infiltration are rare complications of glioblastoma multiforme. The existence of different forms of spreading simultaneously is very rare. We present a case of a young patient with glioblastoma multiforme who was operated and subsequently received radiation therapy and cytotoxic treatment. Eight months following the operation, the patient developed cauda equina syndrome. Bone metastases of vertebrae and ribs, and direct infiltration of the recurrent tumor mass into the ethmoidal and frontal sinuses were found. The described patient demonstrates a very rare combination of all forms of spreading metastases in glioblastoma multiforme. The infiltration of the tumor mass into the sinuses and the direct permeation of the meningeal and dural venous system and of the leptomeninges, may explain the mechanism of the development of distant metastases and leptomeningeal dissemination in glioblastoma multiforme.

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“…The precise relationship between the intracanalicular and the vertebral tissues is variable. Three reports have found vertebral tumors that have been directly associated with soft tissue masses [12,28,32], resulting in cord compression and neurological compromise in two cases [12,28]. In other cases, however, intracanalicular tumors and vertebral tumors have been found in isolation, even in the same patient [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those cases with bone metastases of any type, lesions could be either osteolytic, [5,7,11,24,32,35] osteoblastic, [9,15,16,25] or mixed [19]. For patients with vertebral metastases, the radiographic findings were either discovered pursuant to patient symptoms or lesions found on bone scans or incidentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral collapse with quadraparesis due to metastatic gliobla multiforme: case report and review of the literature

et al. 1993

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A case is reported of a patient rendered quadraparetic following collapse of a cervical vertebra due to neoplastic invasion by metastatic glioblastoma multiforme. The case is discussed in light of a review of the world literature regarding the clinical incidence and significance of metastasis of glial tumors. It is recommended that all patients with high grade glial tumors who complain of back pain be evaluated with plain radiographs and MRI of the spine or 99Tc bone scan. The management of pathologic spine fractures from metastatic glial tumors with accompanying spinal instability or spinal cord compression due to intracanalicular bone should aim for immediate surgical decompression and stabilization followed by involved field irradiation.

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Extracranial Metastases of a Glioblastoma Multiforme

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Extraneural Glioblastoma Multiforme Vertebral Metastasis

Extraneural Glioblastoma Multiforme Vertebral Metastasis

Glioblastoma multiforme with bone metastase and cauda equina syndrome

Vertebral collapse with quadraparesis due to metastatic gliobla multiforme: case report and review of the literature

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