Extracranial Metastasis of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma With 1p19q Loss of Heterozygosity -Case Report-

Abstract

We report a rare case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma with extracranial metastasis, showing 1p19q codeletion in both the brain tissue and the metastatic site. A 53-year-old man first presented with a left frontal tumor. The tumor was subtotally removed and irradiation was performed for the residual tumor and tumor bed. Two years after the initial treatment, several tumors appeared on his neck and one was resected. Histological examination revealed anaplastic oligodendroglioma, proved to be the same as the previous brain tumor. The patient refused further treatment, and died 30 months after the initial treatment. Autopsy demonstrated multiple extracranial metastases in the vertebrae, lymph nodes, spinal dura mater, thymus gland, and chest wall. We confirmed 1p19q loss of heterozygosity in both lesions, suggesting that 1p19q co-deletion might important to extracranial metastasis of oligodendroglioma.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Oligodendroglioma: Case Report and Literature Review

“…Two potential mechanisms of systemic metastasis have been described: (1) scalp and/or regional lymph node involvement followed by distant spread, which was observed in patients with recurrent craniotomies, occurring years after the initial diagnosis; and (2) potential direct hematogenous spread to distant organs, occurring in the early period of tumor growth [10,16,17]. The data show that multiple occult metastases are observed and that the clinical prognosis is worse in the second group [7]. The frequency of extracranial metastasis of OG is lower than that of other glial tumors.…”

“…Despite the relatively high incidence of multiple intraneural metastases by cerebrospinal fluid following leptomeningeal involvement, to date, less than 50 cases of systemic metastasis of OG have been reported in the literature [4,5,6,7,8]. However, the real incidence may be higher when autopsy cases are considered [7,8,9,10].…”

“…However, the real incidence may be higher when autopsy cases are considered [7,8,9,10]. There are very limited data about cytomorphologic features of these metastases in the literature.…”

Dural Metastasis of Atypical Extraventricular Neurocytoma with the Codeletion of Chromosomes 1p/19q

“…16 Some researchers argue that the codeletion of chromosomes 1p/19q is specific to oligodendroglioma, and it has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for this tumour. 17,18 Other reports have, however, also documented the codeletion of chromosomes 1p/19q in 17% 19 or 24% 4 …”

Extraneural metastases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma

“…Liwnicz and Rubinstein (2) reviewed 116 cases of extracranial metastases and found that the most common primary tumor was glioblastoma (41.4%), followed by medulloblastoma (26.7%), ependymoma (16.4%), astrocytoma (10.3%), and oligodendroglioma (5.25%). Oligodendroglioma is the least common type to metastasize and only~30 cases have been reported (3). Davis, in 1928, first described an extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma following craniotomy (4), whereas Rubinstin, in 1967, reported a case of glioblastoma with extracranial metastasis without craniotomy (3).…”