Extracranial Vertebral Artery-Internal Jugular Vein-Spinal Vein Fistula in Neurofibromatosis Type I: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

BackgroundA cervical arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) is uncommon, and it brings challenges and difficulty in treatment.Case PresentationA 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with an NF-1-associated spontaneous vertebral artery-internal jugular vein-spinal vein fistula. The fistula was placed by coil embolization. Postoperative examination showed that the fistula closure was satisfied, and the patient's abnormal clinical manifestation disappeared without any complications after 24 months of interventional embolization. As per the literature, interventional embolization is currently the main treatment method, and it has the distinguishing features of less trauma, quick recovery, and a good prognosis.ConclusionNF-1 associated with a spontaneous arteriovenous fistula is rare in clinical practice, which carries significant challenges in treatment, but can be effectively treated using endovascular embolism. Endovascular embolism could be the potential choice of treatment in NF-1 associated with AVF.

Spontaneous pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery in neurofibromatosis type 1: illustrative case

“…NF1 has been suggested to cause vasculopathy, 6 such as stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, 7 pseudoaneurysm, 8 and arteriovenous fistula. 9 To our knowledge, this is the second case report on the development of an STA pseudoaneurysm in a patient with NF1.…”

Shape Self-Adaptive Liquid Embolic Agent for Ultrafast and Durable Vascular Embolization

“…Vascular embolization is a minimally invasive intervention surgery that could selectively deliver embolic agents into the artery to occlude diseased blood vessels. , Owing to its merits of negligible trauma, few complications, and low reoperation incidence as well as rapid recovery, − embolization provides a safe endovascular therapy that has been widely applied for treating various diseases in clinics, such as vascular bleeding, unresectable hepatocellular tumors, and aneurysms. − Notably, the clinical benefit of embolization therapy was greatly determined by embolic agents. An ideal embolic agent should satisfy the requirements of favorable biocompatibility, stable and complete occlusion in the blood vessels, and appropriate but not uncontrollable swelling ability to match the size of targeted vessels without causing overdosed vascular distension.…”