Extract and Active Principal of the Neotropical Vine Souroubea sympetala Gilg. Block Fear Memory Reconsolidation

Murkar, Anthony; Cayer, Christian; James, Jon; Durst, Tony; Arnason, John T.; Sánchez-Vindas, Pablo; Rojas, Marco Otárola; Merali, Zul

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01496

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Collectively, these findings provide support for the use of Souroubea-Platanus tablets in reducing noise-induced anxiety in dogs, by demonstrating their effectiveness in reduced cortisol release, increased activity measures in response to thunder and reduced inactivity measures. In terms of future work, Souroubea-Platanus tablets may have effectiveness in reducing conditioned anxiety in dogs, as has been demonstrated in rat models [ 13 ]. Further studies on botanicals with higher amyrin content may improve potency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety

Mašić

Landsberg²,

Milgram³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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A novel botanical dietary supplement, formulated as a chewable tablet containing a defined mixture of Souroubea spp. vine and Platanus spp. Bark, was tested as a canine anxiolytic for thunderstorm noise-induced stress (noise aversion). The tablet contained five highly stable triterpenes and delivered 10 mg of the active ingredient betulinic acid (BA) for an intended 1 mg/kg dose in a 10 kg dog. BA in tablets was stable for 30 months in storage at 23 °C. Efficacy of the tablets in reducing anxiety in dogs was assessed in a blinded, placebo-controlled study by recording changes in blood cortisol levels and measures of behavioral activity in response to recorded intermittent thunder. Sixty beagles were assigned into groups receiving: placebo, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, and 4× dose, or the positive control (diazepam), for five days. Reduction in anxiety measures was partially dose-dependent and the 1× dose was effective in reducing inactivity time (p = 0.0111) or increased activity time (p = 0.0299) compared with placebo, indicating a decrease in anxiety response. Cortisol measures also showed a dose-dependent reduction in cortisol in dogs treated with the test tablet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety

Mašić

Landsberg²,

Milgram³

et al. 2021

Molecules

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once trauma is experienced, a memory of the context and cues associated with that trauma is formed, and this memory can be generalized to future environments that have similar characteristics. These cues can then evoke emotional distress and an array of devasting behavioural responses, such as freezing, panic attacks, hyper-arousal increased startle response and anxiety (Murkar et al, 2019;Yehuda et al, 2015). Vicarious stress is sometimes referred to as secondary trauma stress or vicarious traumatization and is commonly studied in healthcare professionals, first responders and other helping professionals who are constantly exposed to the pain and distress of others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicarious Stress in Juvenile Rats

Ali¹

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Vicarious stress occurs when traumatic events are observed rather than being directly experienced. The outcomes of vicarious stress can result in a higher incidence of negative mental health outcomes that include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety.Vicarious stress requires empathy to facilitate the understanding of other individuals' trauma and suffering, and this is influenced by factors such as familiarity and similar past experiences.To study vicarious stress in rats and mice, a rudimentary form of empathy called emotional contagion, enables these animals to mirror the emotional states of each other, particularly during distress. This requires one animal, the witness, to observe a conspecific endure stressors, from a place of safety.The study of vicarious stress in rats and mice during the juvenile period is sparce, though this critical period of development is vulnerable to stressors that can lead to long-term effects like increased anxiety-and depressive-like behaviours. This thesis furthers the preliminary investigation on how vicarious stress can be studied in juvenile animals and the long-term behavioural changes following these stressors. Considering this it is hypothesized that vicarious stress experienced during the juvenile period will elicit emotional contagion, leading to a sensitized HPA-axis and long-term deficits on exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood. Two models of vicarious stress during the juvenile period were implemented, a novel model modified from an existing juvenile stressor model (Chapter 2), and observational fear-learning, an established model implemented in adult rodents (Chapter 3). In adulthood (Chapter 2) and in early adolescence (Chapter 3), the long-term behavioural impacts on iii exploration, social interactions and fear expression and the HPA-axis reactivity were determined. In Chapter 3, age differences between the juveniles and adults in male and female rats and the impact of past stressor experience in witnesses were explored.The findings revealed that vicarious stress does occur in juvenile rats, and it is not dependent on familiarity, yet it does require past stressor experiences for full behavioral display. Importantly, the extent of emotional contagion, confirmed by fear expression, is lower in male juveniles than it is in male adult rats. to Canada, you gave me and Shohan the freedom that we would not have had otherwise. Words cannot describe how I feel for you both. I dedicate this thesis to you.I am grateful to my supervisors Dr. Zul Merali and Dr. Alfonso Abizaid for taking a chance on me and being patient. The opportunities that being in your labs gave me not only provided me a solid foundation for research but lifelong friends. Thank you, Zul, for responding to an email from a shy undergrad who needed a CO-OP placement. Working in your lab sparked my love for behavioural research and led me to this final stage. Thank you for being open to my ideas and creativity. I am forever grateful to Alfie for believing in me, giving me en...

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Phytotherapy of abnormality of fear memory: A narrative review of mechanisms

Yang

Zhu

2023

Fitoterapia

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Extract and Active Principal of the Neotropical Vine Souroubea sympetala Gilg. Block Fear Memory Reconsolidation

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety

Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety

Vicarious Stress in Juvenile Rats

Phytotherapy of abnormality of fear memory: A narrative review of mechanisms

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