Extract of Aronia melanocarpa-modified hemostasis: in vitro studies

Abstract

PurposeAronia melanocarpa has an extremely high content of procyanidins and anthocyanins. The multidirectional benefits of consumption of these berries are widely reported. Although numerous studies confirmed the influence of polyphenols on various stages of hemostasis, the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is not understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of A. melanocarpa extract on various parameters of hemostasis. Methods Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation was measured with turbidimetric method. Spontaneous and ADP-activated platelet adhesion were investigated using a colorimetric method. The global assay of coagulation and fibrinolysis was performed with the use of optical clotting and lysis (CL) test. Thrombin (0.5 IU/mL) and tissue plasminogen activator (60 ng/mL) were used to obtain a CL curve. The activity of thrombin and plasmin was determined by means of chromogenic substrate (S-2238, S-2251)ResultsThe aronia extract contributed to the reduction in spontaneous and ADP-activated platelet adhesion. A significant increase in overall potential of CL as well as significant changes in key parameters of these processes (Tt—thrombin time, Fvo—initial plasma clotting velocity, and Lmax—maximum lysis) was reported. Chokeberry extract significantly inhibited the amidolytic activity of thrombin and plasmin.ConclusionOur in vitro findings indicate a complex mechanism of influence of chokeberry polyphenols on platelet activity and the overall potential of CL. We confirmed that chokeberry inhibits the amidolytic activity of thrombin. It was demonstrated for the first time that chokeberry polyphenols inhibit the amidolytic activity of another serine protease, i.e., plasmin, which is the main fibrinolytic enzyme. Furthermore, our research points out a significant contribution of other plasma components and fibrinogen in the modulation of hemostasis by polyphenols.

Consumption of anthocyanin-rich Queen Garnet plum juice reduces platelet activation related thrombogenesis in healthy volunteers

“…The artificial stimulation of platelets by adding exogenous agonists such as ADP (activates P2Y1/P2Y12 platelet receptor), collagen (activates GPVI/ α2β1 receptor) and arachidonic acid (activates TxA2) was used in this study to mimic platelet aggregation/activation during vessel wall damage in vivo. QGPJ supplementation for 4 weeks effectively and simultaneously targeted the ADP-P2Y1/P2Y12, TxA2 and collagen receptors (GPVI/ α2β1) thereby reducing platelet aggregation, which is similar to that seen for an anthocyanin-rich chokeberry extract (10 µg/ mL) in a recent in vitro trial (Sikora, Markowicz-Piasecka, Broncel, & Mikiciuk-Olasik, 2014). The observed effects of anthocyaninrich QGPJ on platelet aggregation are also in alignment with the effect of other polyphenol-rich foods such as pomegranate juice (Aviram et al, 2000).…”

“…The observed QGPJ supplementation effect on reducing fibrinogen concentration in plasma indicates alleviation in pro-thrombotic progression, in contrast to high levels seen in conditions such as CVD. Although the exact mechanism of the observed reduction in levels of fibrinogen is unknown it is proposed that anthocyanin-rich QGPJ inhibits overall platelet activation or the amydolytic activity of thrombin (Sikora et al, 2014), consequently blunting fibrin synthesis.…”

Quantification of Anthocyanins in Elderberry and Chokeberry Dietary Supplements

“…A later exploratory study in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome investigated a daily dose of 300 mg of chokeberry extract, giving a daily dose of 80 mg of the total polyphenols that included at least 60 mg of anthocyanins (Sikora et al ., ): this confirmed that blood lipids significantly decreased over 2 months of treatment. Beneficial changes in coagulation indices (reduction in adenosine diphosphate‐induced clot formation and inhibition of the amidolytic activities of both thrombin and plasmin) were also observed (Sikora et al ., ; Sikora et al ., ). In accordance with this, an improvement of the rheological properties of erythrocytes was shown in hypercholesterolemic patients receiving 300‐mg Aronox R over 2 months (Duchnowicz et al ., ).…”

Design, formulation and sensory evaluation of a polyphenol-rich food placebo: an example of aronia juice for food intervention studies

“…Characteristics of subjects at baseline and after 4 weeks of regular placebo consumption. Although some in vitro studies have demonstrated a positive impact of aronia products on platelet aggregation and their adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen (Ryszawa et al 2006;Olas et al 2008;Malinowska et al 2013;Sikora et al 2014), these effects have not been confirmed in placebo-controlled trials so far. Further, there is a limited number of human studies investigating the effects of Aronia products on cardiovascular health using the pure aronia juice (Simeonov et al 2002;Skoczyñska et al 2007;Poreba et al 2009;Kardum et al 2015).…”

“…Among various plant foods, aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) has been of special interest since its fruits have been indicated as a rich source of polyphenols. Polyphenols from aronia fruits, mainly anthocyanins and procyanidins, represent one of the most potent natural antioxidants, exerting the positive impact on overall health, but also on diseases and states associated with marked level of oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders (Chrubasik et al 2010;Sikora et al 2014;Kardum et al 2015). Although beneficial effects of aronia polyphenols on CVD risk factors such as hypertension, elevated blood lipids and glucose, platelet hyperactivity and obesity have been demonstrated, controlled clinical trials on aronia juice are still lacking, partly due to the difficulties in delivering suitable control drink.…”