Extract of Nicotiana tabacum as a potential control agent of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but demand for more environmentally-friendly means of controlling pests is increasing. At least 91 plant extracts have been reported to be effective against other lepidopterans, but their acute toxicity against G. molesta has rarely been studied. Among these 91 materials, we assessed the residual toxicity of 32 extracts against first instar larvae (< 5 h old) of G. molesta in the laboratory. Nicotiana tabacum L., used at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, showed the highest corrected mortality (92.0%) with a lethal time (LT50) value of 12.9 h. The extract was followed in its efficacy by Allium sativum L. (88.0%), Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) De Candolle (70.0%), and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertner (65.0%), when mortality was assessed at 20 h after exposure. Against adult fruit moths (< 5 d old), N. tabacum also showed the highest corrected mortality among tested extracts, being 85 and 100% in adult females and males, respectively, at 168 h after exposure. However, there was no synergistic effect of the combined application of any of the top four extracts in either laboratory or greenhouse assays. Oviposition by G. molesta on peach twigs was reduced 85–90% when N. tabacum was applied at 4 ml/ twig compared to control (methanol), demonstrating that N. tabacum may have potential for use as a botanical insecticide against G. molesta.

Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Larvae of G . molesta were reared in apples fruit described by Sarker and Lim 46 . Apples infested with oriental fruit moth larvae were collected and kept in a growth chamber (DS-11BPL, Dasol Scientific Co. Ltd, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea) at 24.92 ± 0.11 °C, 50.21 ± 1.33% RH, and a 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod.…”

Puncturing apple fruits increases survival of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in laboratory rearing

“…Larvae were reared on apple fruits described by Sarker and Lim [26]. Naturally infested apples were collected from Bioresource Research Institute (Andong, Republic of Korea) in 2015 and kept in ventilated plastic containers (24.0 L × 17.0 W × 8.0 H cm) in a growth chamber (DS-11BPL, Dasol Scientific Co. Ltd, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea) held at 24.9 ± 0.1˚C, 50.2 ± 1.3% RH, and a 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod.…”

Structural Modifications and Biological Activities of Natural α- and β-Cembrenediol: A Comprehensive Review

“…Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important industrial crop cultivated worldwide which generates a large amount of tax revenues for governments and increases the incomes of farmers and cigarette companies. In addition to being the raw material for the production of cigarettes, the crude extract of N. tabacum is used as an insecticide in folk medicine [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Hundreds of compounds that contain alkaloids, terpenoids, and sugar esters have been identified from this plant in bioassay-guided separation processes or other methods [ 4 ].…”