Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: II Extractability by oxalate and pyrophosphate

Niskanen, R.

doi:10.23986/afsci.72356

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Non-crystalline and micro-crystalline Al oxyhydroxides form the bulk of extractable Al in soils, usually in the range of 10-200 mmole Al/kg (McKeague and Day, 1966;Niskanen, 1989). Although non-crystalline Al hydroxides do not have a definite composition or structure and are only poorly defined, there is probably no precise differentiation between crystalline and non-crystalline material (Hsu, 1989).…”

Section: Amorphous Al Hydrous Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of extractable aluminum in acid soils: A review and a proposed procedure

Soon¹

1993

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Different forms of soil aluminum (Al) are involved in the retention of anions and cations, phytotoxicity of Al in acid soils, CEC reduction and soil physical properties such as aggregate stability and water infiltration. Therefore it is desirable to quantify the different forms of Al in soil especially acidic soils. A rationale was developed from a literature survey to identify the following fractions of Al: (a) exchangeable quantified by 1M KC1 extraction; (b) organic bound quantified by 0.1M CuCl 2 + 0.5M KC1 extraction; (c) sorhed Al extractable with 1M NE 4 OAc at pH 4.0; (d) amorphous Al oxide and hydroxide and amorphous aluminosilicates (if present) extractable with 0.2M ammonium oxalate at pH 3.0; and (e) interlayered Al extractable with 0. 33M sodium citrate at pH 7.3. Pools (a), (b), and (c) are extracted sequentially. Amorphous Al oxide and hydroxide (pool d) is calculated from ammonium oxalate extractable Al minus (a + b + c). Interlayered Al is calculated from sodium citrate extractable Al minus ammonium oxalate extractable Al. The latter two extractions are done on separate subsamples of soils. From preliminary studies and data for 13 soil samples it is suggested that this fractionation of soil Al is more meaningful than that obtained by the KC1 -> K 4 P 2 O 7 -> ammonium oxalate > citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extraction sequence. INTRODUCTIONAluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust and soils. In soils most of the Al is tied up in the crystal lattice of alumino-silicate minerals. The remaining Al occurs in diverse forms, consequently its chemistry is complex.

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Section: Amorphous Al Hydrous Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of extractable aluminum in acid soils: A review and a proposed procedure

Soon¹

1993

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…3.6 27.1 5.1 NH 4 CI-P, mg kg 1 "" 5.2 0.2 NH 4 F-P, mg kg 1 "" 132 80 NaOH-P, mg kgI**" 1 **" 527 423 H,S0 4 -P, mg kg'"" 475 172 Sum of fractions, mg kg 1139 675 * Extracted with 0.05 M ammonium oxalate, pH 3.3 (Niskanen 1989) ** P extracted with water, solution-to-soil ratio 50 1 kg 1 *** P extracted with an ammonium acetate solution, pH 4.65 (Vuorinen and Mäkitie 1955) Chang and Jackson fractions of inorganic P (Hartikainen 1979) Material and methods…”

Section: Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of soil phosphorus during runoff as affected by ionic strength and temperature

Yli‐Halla

Hartikainen

1996

AFSci

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Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from two cultivated clay soil samples (Vertic Cambisols) was extracted under conditions simulating the variation in the properties of surface runoff water in the field. DRP was extracted at three temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C), and at different ionic strengths by using deionized water and CaCl2 solutions (0.00005-0.005 M) as extractants. The solution-to-soil ratio varied from 50 to 2000 1 kg-1. Sorption to and desorption from the soils were studied at different temperatures and ionic strengths by determining quantity-intensity (Q/I) plots at the solution-to-soil ratio of 50 l kg-1, and the results were fitted to a modified Langmuir equation: Q = QmaxI/(1/K + I)-Q0 where Q is P sorbed or desorbed, Qmax = maximum P sorption, I = P concentration in the equilibrium solution, K = sorption/desorption equilibrium constant, and Q0 = instantly labile P. The desorption of DRP was depressed by increases in the CaCl2 concentration of the extractant and promoted by widening of the solution-to-soil ratio. At the solution-to-soil ratio of 50 l kg-1, the increase in the temperature from 5 to 25°C raised the DRP release to water from 12.6 to 20.7 mg kg-1 in the Aurajoki soil and from 1.8 to 3.4 mg kg-1 in the Jokioinen soil. In the Aurajoki soil, the constant Q0 of the Langmuir equation responded to the changes of ionic strength and temperature in the same way as did DRP extracted at wide solution-to-soil ratios. However, the P release capacity of both soils was underestimated by the constant Q0.

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“…Ammonium oxalate (0.5 M, pH 3.3) extractable Al and Fe(Niskanen 1989) 2 Acetic acid (pH 4.65) extractable P(Vuorinen & Mäkitie 1955) …”

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Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff and drainage water after application of slurry and mineral fertilizer to perennial grass ley

Туртола¹,

Kemppainen²

1998

AFSci

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Losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from perennial grass ley on a fine sand soil were studied with five treatments: no fertilizer (1), cow slurry applied in autumn (2), winter (3) or spring (4), and mineral fertilizer applied in spring (5). For N, the total amounts applied (1992-96) were 0, 772, 807, 805 and 510 kg ha-1 and for P 0, 141, 119, 143 and 107 kg ha-1, respectively. In the first year (establishment of the ley, 1992-93), N losses (drainage + surface runoff) were slightly higher after application of slurry in autumn (with immediate ploughing, treatment 2) than in treatments 1, 4 and 5 (21 kg ha-1 vs. 17 kg ha-1), but the respective P losses (0.7-0.9 kg ha-1) were not affected. During the ley years (1993-96) the N and P losses were increased by surface application of fertilizers and by abundance of surface runoff (83-100% of the total runoff). Nutrient losses were extremely high after slurry application in autumn and winter, accounting for 11% and 33% of the applied N and 17% and 59% of the applied P, respectively. The N losses during the ley years from treatments 1-5 were 13, 62, 191, 23 and 24 kg ha-1, where the proportion of NH4-N was 21, 49, 56, 33 and 39%. The respective P losses were 0.73, 16, 54, 4.2 and 4.0 kg ha-1, where the proportion of PO4-P was 52, 85, 77, 68 and 64%.;

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Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: II Extractability by oxalate and pyrophosphate

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Fractionation of extractable aluminum in acid soils: A review and a proposed procedure

Fractionation of extractable aluminum in acid soils: A review and a proposed procedure

Release of soil phosphorus during runoff as affected by ionic strength and temperature

Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff and drainage water after application of slurry and mineral fertilizer to perennial grass ley

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