Extractable substances from human hair: a discussion about the origin of the holes

Morphological changes in human head hair subjected to various drug testing decontamination strategies

“…The cuticular changes observed and described by other investigators [14][15][16] are consistent with the observations in this current study. It is possible that variations in hair drug test results could be due to variation in the effects of the decontamination protocols on the hair structure.…”

“…The cortex was exposed by the extensive cuticular detachment. Scanavez et al [16] reported the formation of holes in the endocuticle and hypothesized the formation of the holes to be due to cell remnants (organelles) and the solubilization of S100A3, a cysteine-rich calcium binding protein located in the endocuticle layers. They also proposed a model for hair damage that correlated the solubilization of S100A3 to the cracking and subsequent removal of cuticle fragments.…”

Resveratrol, Blueberry, Cranberry and Raspberry Exhibit Protection Effect to Photodamaged Hair

“…In fact, samples with no treatment or washed only with sodium lauryl sulphate (used to simulate hair damage) showed cystine content under the limit of quantification of the method. This is accordance with Scanavez, et al [14], who wrote that surfactants used for hair washes can interfere with the physical structure of the hair fiber, because they act on the extractable substances of the cortex and the cuticle.…”

UV–vis spectra as an alternative to the Lowry method for quantify hair damage induced by surfactants

“…Surfactants remove extractable substances from the endocuticle and the cortex, making melanin granules susceptible to removal http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.035 0927-7765/© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [1,18]. Moreover, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) causes hair cuticle protein denaturation [19] and extracts twice more proteins from hair than water [20].…”