Extracted lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch as natural eco-friendly poly (vinyl chloride) photo-stabilizer

Fadhil, Zeyad; Zageer, Dheaa; Faris, Abbas Hasan; Al‐Mashhadani, Mohammed H.; Ahmed, Ahmed; Hashim, Hassan; Yousif, Emad

doi:10.1016/j.mset.2021.10.003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Where, for the thin films of pure PVC and doped PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2), the refractive index (k) starts at low values in the UV area and increases through the visible region at a wavelength range (400-540 nm) before continuing to grow [34]. When looking to figure (6) can see the values of the refractive index (k) is very low, this indicates that the losses in absorption inside the thin films are very low. The best thin film is PVC-Organosilane (comp1) compared with other thin films because has a lower rate of extinction factor (k) and a high rate of absorption [34].…”

Section: Extinction Factor Of Pure Pvc and Doped Pvc-organosilanementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, the extinction quantity (k) of the pure PVC and doped PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2) is measured from equation (4) [32,33]: 4) Where (λ) is the wavelength and (nm) and (α) is the absorption coefficient (cm -1 ). Figure (6) illustrates the refractive index (k) for thin films of pure PVC and doped PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2), demonstrating how the index (k) curves change with wavelength. Where, for the thin films of pure PVC and doped PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2), the refractive index (k) starts at low values in the UV area and increases through the visible region at a wavelength range (400-540 nm) before continuing to grow [34].…”

Section: Extinction Factor Of Pure Pvc and Doped Pvc-organosilanementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers have calculated the optical characteristics of doped PVC thin films using nanomaterials in the past, and they have shown that Cr2O3 has a positive impact on the PVC lattice by increasing absorption and reducing the energy gap of the nanocomposite (PVC-Cr2O3), which modifies a high photostability [6]. The structure, dielectric constant, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposite (PVC-PbO) were altered using lead oxide nano-powder [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure(6) Extinction factor (k) vs wavelength (nm) of the pure PVC and PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Features of PVC Polymer Thin Films Doped by Compound Organosilane to Raise the Absorbance of Samples Driven to the Light

Al‐Mashhadani

Abed

Yousif

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The novel work for this study is to make new films for the pure and doped PVC with organosilane thus it was used organosilane moieties (25 mg) were mixed with poly(vinyl chloride) (5 g). Thus drop-casting procedure was utilized to make these thin films. The pure PVC and PVC-Organosilane optical properties were studied under the wavelength range from (250–1300 nm) using diffusive reflectance equipment. The optical properties like absorption increased up to (87–95%), while reflectance and transmittance decreases when added organosilane molecules. Furthermore, the dielectric constant (real and imaginary) and optical conductivity enhanced, respectively. On the other hand, Urbach energy increases when adding organosilane to PVC structure, furthermore, skin depth, refractive index, and optical density were figured. The energy gap is reduced from 4 eV to 2.3 eV for the direct transition and from 3.9 eV to 1.6 eV for the indirect transition. SEM analysis was implemented over thin films of pure PVC and PVC-Organosilane to see the morphology of these surfaces. The AFM analysis was utilized to exhibit the topography of the surfaces. Thereby, finding the surface roughness and the root means square of the surface for these thin films. The improvement for these thin films is used in many applications such as photostability and absorption the light when used in radars applications.

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Section: Extinction Factor Of Pure Pvc and Doped Pvc-organosilanementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extinction Factor Of Pure Pvc and Doped Pvc-organosilanementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure(6) Extinction factor (k) vs wavelength (nm) of the pure PVC and PVC-Organosilane (comp1 and comp2)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Features of PVC Polymer Thin Films Doped by Compound Organosilane to Raise the Absorbance of Samples Driven to the Light

Al‐Mashhadani

Abed

Yousif

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Nearly one-third of all discarded plastic in the world is covered with this polymer [5][6][7]. In contrast to produced HCl gas and conjugated polyene [8,9], PVC has low thermal stability and begins to break down at 120 ºC [10]. Chemical alteration is a useful method for making materials that are less biodegradable and more sustainable [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Approaches to Modify Poly(vinyl chloride) Chemical Structure

A.Hasan¹,

Al‐Mashhadani²,

Al-Dahhan³

et al. 2022

ANJS

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Since its first discovery in the nineteenth century, polymer researchers have continued to study poly(vinyl chloride). Its characteristics, such as its thermal instability, are delicate by its structural flaws that result from its containing chlorine atom which is sensitive to UV light as a good leaving group. Many researchers suggested adding various types of organic and inorganic additives as photo and/or thermal stabilizers of poly(vinyl chloride). Recently this work has been expanded by extensive ongoing research to modify the chemical structure of poly(vinyl chloride) by replacing part of the chlorine atoms with other molecules which could enhance its stability against weathering circumstances. The last was carried out not only for common chemical reactions but also to improve the characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) in particular applications. Basedon reports from the past ten years, this study outlines many of the chemical alterations of poly(vinyl chloride) as well as associated uses. These alterations are organized following the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) through Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Nitrogen linkages.

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Synthesis of a new Schiff base acceptor–donor molecule as a UV stabilizer for enhanced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) photoprotection

Mohammad,

Ahmed,

Saleh

et al. 2024

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester of significant interest. Owing to its traits, PLA stands out as one of the most widely used polymers in various fields. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, such as heat, UV light, and humidity have negative impacts on the polymer's performance as a result of the accelerating aging process. In this study, we present a novel acceptor–donor (AD) Schiff base molecule that demonstrates significant UV stabilization when incorporated into the polymer's matrix. The stabilization effect of the AD molecule was studied by using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices of CO (ICO) and OH (IOH) that emerge because of polymer degradation after irradiation with UV light for 300 h. The films' structures were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) to evaluate the stabilization enhancement of AD moiety. The results exhibit a significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA. The weight loss percentage reduced from 2.5 for blank PLA to less than 0.7 for blended PLA. Furthermore, ICO and IOH indices witness a remarkable reduction which verifies the improved photodegradation resulting from AD moiety. The suggested method involves the efficient absorption of UV radiation produced during photo‐degradation by the AD molecule, which then emits this light as visible blue light without causing any damage to PLA film's chemical structure. Our results demonstrate the adaptability of AD molecules as PLA photo‐stabilizers and point to their wider significance for sustainable material applications. This work advances the stability of PLA films and provides opportunities for the creation of novel stabilization techniques based on organic electrical principles. Future studies may examine the multipurpose uses of the AD molecule in sensor materials and other contexts.Highlights Presenting a novel acceptor–donor Schiff base as a phot stabilizer of PLA. Using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices to test the degradation. A significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA. The Schiff base absorbing UV light, excited electrons from ground state to excited state. They return to the ground state and produce bright blue light. These movement of electrons cause no damage to the PLA polymer chains.

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Extracted lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch as natural eco-friendly poly (vinyl chloride) photo-stabilizer

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Optical Features of PVC Polymer Thin Films Doped by Compound Organosilane to Raise the Absorbance of Samples Driven to the Light

Optical Features of PVC Polymer Thin Films Doped by Compound Organosilane to Raise the Absorbance of Samples Driven to the Light

Recent Approaches to Modify Poly(vinyl chloride) Chemical Structure

Synthesis of a new Schiff base acceptor–donor molecule as a UV stabilizer for enhanced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) photoprotection

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