Extracting Particle Orientations from Three‐dimensional Datasets using BLOB3D

Mote, Alison S.; Ketcham, Richard A.; Watson, William P.

doi:10.1002/9780470612187.ch43

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The software uses ''blobs'' or a set of voxels (3D pixels comprised of pixels from 2D slices). Although Blob3d was built for geological applications [29] ; it can also be used to assess porosity levels in composites and other materials [30,31] . In this approach, the user defines the set of voxels that belongs to the material of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity Content Evaluation in Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Yang

Elhajjar

2014

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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In this study we investigate the X-ray computed tomography method for assessment of porosity levels in carbon-fiber/epoxy composites. High resolution computed tomography is used to investigate the distribution, size, and morphology of porosity in composite specimens. The specimens are manufactured with porosity values in ranges that are encountered in the manufacturing of composite structures. Porosity measurement from the optical scans is found to be highly dependent on the number of cross-sections investigated. The stacking sequence is found to have a high effect on the measurements made especially at higher porosity levels due to the preferential alignment of the porosity microstructure. INTRODUCTIONPorosity or distributed voids are a common manufacturing anomaly that can have detrimental effects on the performance and mechanical properties of composite materials. This is intimately tied to the improvement and customization of manufacturing procedures [1,2] . Thus, accurate quantification of the voids is an area of great importance for characterization of composite materials. Porosity can be caused and influenced by several factors including the entrapment of air or moisture between plies, cure pressure fluctuations, and the stacking sequence between the plies [3,4] . Several attempts have been made to study this behavior and predict the locations of its occurrence [5][6][7] .Toscano and Vitiello [8] showed how the stacking sequence can yield to a higher propensity of the porosity to occur. Porosity levels were found to be greater when plies are stacked perpendicular to another or in a [45 =À45 ] sequence and are lowest when stacked as unidirectional. The effects on the mechanical properties have also been examined. Costa et al. [9] studied the effect of porosity on moisture absorption and showed how a significant amount of absorption may occur depending on the void content and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity Content Evaluation in Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Yang

Elhajjar

2014

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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“…CTan, Avizo, Imaris) and toolboxes (e.g. Pore3D (Brun et al ., ) and Blob3D (Mote et al ., )). ‘Inclusion/matrix morphologies’ is normally applied to quantify closed cell foams while ‘3D granulometry’ is specially designed for characterising the interconnected pore network of open‐cell foams, such as breadcrumb, based on the sequential erosion/dilation operations (Al‐Ostaz et al ., ; Lassoued et al ., ).…”

Section: Bread Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and mechanical characteristics of bread and their impact on oral processing: a review

Gao

Wang²,

Dong³

et al. 2017

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Oral processing has become an important area of research in sensory and nutrition studies. Mastication process not only determines the dynamics of flavour release and texture perception but also affects the bioavailability of nutrients. Oral processing of bread is of particular interest because of the need to reduce its glycaemic potential while keeping its desired soft and aerated texture. Bread structure determines its mechanical strength and deformation behaviour which in turn decides people's texture perception and swallowing thresholds. The strong interconnection between food structure and its resistance to breakdown is the rationale behind designing bread to control bread digestion, starting from the oral phase. The present review summarises the characterisation and formation of bread structure, its interlink with bread mechanical behaviour and destruction during human oral processing. Future research should further elucidate the structure-mechanics-digestion interlink by implementing relevant mechanical analyses and micromechanical modelling.Bread structure and human oral processing J. Gao et al. 859 Bread structure and human oral processing J. Gao et al. 868

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“…CT has been demonstrated as an excellent tool for investigating gold deposits and their genesis (Kyle & Ketcham, ), and indeed any deposits that host economic trace phases (Godel, ), as concentrations in the parts‐per‐million range can be economic to mine but difficult to study using traditional petrography. Attributes of interest include net concentrations (i.e., assay), size and shape distributions, petrologic associations, and orientations and structural context (e.g., Furat et al, ; Godel et al, ; Mote et al, ; Reyes et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Measurement of Small Features in X‐Ray CT Data Volumes, Demonstrated Using Gold Grains

Ketcham

Mote

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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We present a method for measuring small, discrete features near the resolution limit of X-ray computed tomography (CT) data volumes with the aim of providing consistent answers across instruments and data resolutions. The appearances of small features are impacted by the partial volume effect and blurring due to the data point-spread function, and we call our approach the partial-volume and blurring (PVB) method. Features are segmented to encompass their total attenuation signal, which is then converted to a volume, in turn allowing a subset of voxels to be used to measure shape and orientation. We demonstrate the method on a set of gold grains, scanned with two instruments at a range of resolutions and with various surrounding media. We recover volume accurately over a factor of 27 range in grain volume and factor of 5 range in data resolution, successfully characterizing particles as small as 5.4 voxels in true volume. Shape metrics are affected variably by resolution effects and are more reliable when based on image-based caliper measurements than perimeter length or surface area. Orientations are reproducible when maximum or minimum axis lengths are sufficiently different from the intermediate axis. Calibration requires end-member CT numbers for the materials of interest, which we obtained empirically; we describe a first-principles calculation and discuss its challenges. The PVB method is accurate, reproducible, resolution invariant, and objective, all important improvements over any method based on global thresholds. Plain Language SummaryWe present a method for measuring small, discrete features, such as mineral grains or pores, in scans of solid objects produced by X-ray computed tomography. Our method is aimed at giving the same answer for feature size, shape, and orientation regardless of the data resolution, as long as the feature is larger than the detection limit. We demonstrate the method on a series of gold grains, notable for their high density and unusual shapes. We find that our method gives results that are superior to the usual approach of using a threshold, or constant gray value, to identify which data voxels (pixels with volume) show the feature of interest. Key Points:• We present an accurate, reproducible, resolution-invariant, objective means for measuring small features in X-ray CT data sets • The method is demonstrated on gold particles spanning a 27 times range in volume over a 5 times range in data resolution • Threshold-based segmentation is inaccurate for features with one or more dimensions close to the data point-spread function

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Extracting Particle Orientations from Three‐dimensional Datasets using BLOB3D

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Porosity Content Evaluation in Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Porosity Content Evaluation in Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Structural and mechanical characteristics of bread and their impact on oral processing: a review

Accurate Measurement of Small Features in X‐Ray CT Data Volumes, Demonstrated Using Gold Grains

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