Extraction and Application of Natural Rutin From Sophora japonica to Prepare the Novel Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Copper Ions

Abstract

Rutin (R), a representative flavonoid found in various biomasses, can be used to prepare different fluorescent sensors for environmental, biological and medical fields. In this work, the natural R in Sophora japonica was extracted and purified to prepare fluorescent-responding sensor systems intended to recognize copper ions with both strong selectivity as well as appropriate sensitivity. Results showed that neat R had no obvious fluorescent emission peak in PBS buffer solution. However, when R and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (CD) were introduced within buffer solution, fluorescent emission intensity was significantly increased due to the resultant R-CD inclusion complex. In addition, the formed R-CD inclusion complex was shown to behave as the aforementioned fluorescent sensor for copper ions through a mechanism of quenched fluorescent emission intensity when R-CD became bound with copper ions. The binding constant value for R-CD with copper ions was 1.33 × 106, allowing for quantification of copper ions between the concentration range of 1.0 × 10–7–4.2 × 10–6mol⋅L–1. Furthermore, the minimum detection limit was found to be 3.5 × 10–8mol⋅L–1. This work showed the prepared R-CD inclusion complex was both highly selective and strongly sensitive toward copper ions, indicating that this system could be applied into various fields where copper ions are of concern.

Sophora japonica L. bioactives: Chemistry, sources, and processing techniques

“…The antiplatelet compounds biochanin A, irisolidone, apigenin, and sissotrin have been isolated from the stems (Kim & Yun-Choi, 2008), whereas 10 aldose reductase-inhibiting flavonoids were detected in S. japonica stem bark (Park et al, 2010). In addi- (Paniwnyk et al, 2001;Yang, Sun, et al, 2021). Galactomannan has been extracted from the seed endosperms of S. japonica using 80 • C water following a sulfuric acid hydrolysis pretreatment (Cerqueira et al, 2009).…”

“…For example, decoction has the advantages of being simple and inexpensive and has been used to extract bioactive compounds from S. japonica . Hot and diluted alkali aqueous solutions were used to extract rutin from FS and FSI (Paniwnyk et al., 2001; Yang, Sun, et al., 2021). Galactomannan has been extracted from the seed endosperms of S. japonica using 80°C water following a sulfuric acid hydrolysis pretreatment (Cerqueira et al., 2009).…”

Multi-site isomerization of synergistically regulated stimuli-responsive AIE materials toward multi-level decryption

“…Stimuli-responsive optical materials can be viewed as materials that produce corresponding light signals in the presence of external stimuli such as light, [1][2][3][4][5][6] mechanical force, [7][8][9] pH changes, [10][11][12] ions, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] etc. Due to their advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, and real-time visualization of light signals, the development of "intelligent" stimuli-responsive optical materials has attracted signicant interest.…”